Fig. 5.

In vitro antibacterial activities of TRIDENT against clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria (MDREC and MRSA). a Images of the colonies formed on Luria-Bertani broth-agar plates. Statistical analysis of the bacterial viability by log₁₀ (CFU mL⁻¹) for b MDREC and c MRSA. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3). **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (Student’s t-test). d Images of live (green fluorescence) and dead (red fluorescence) bacterial cells following various treatments. Scale bars: 10 μm. e SEM images of bacteria after treatment with different groups. White arrows denote the morphological damages in bacterial cell. Scale bars: 1 μm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file