. 2019 Jul 17;104(11):5120–5135. doi: 10.1210/jc.2018-02730

Table 6.

Lifetime Prevalence of Metabolic Involvement and Organ Abnormalities

	Overall (N = 230)		GL (n = 81)			PL (n = 149)
	n	Percent	n	Percent	Adjusted Percentage^a	n	Percent	Adjusted Percentage^a
Diabetes and/or IR	134	58.3	47	58.0	75.7	87	58.4	51.8
One or more elevated laboratory values	209	90.9	75	92.6	96.5	134	89.9	85.5
Tg >150 mg/dL	190	82.6	66	81.5	86.5	124	83.2	77.2
Tg >500 mg/dL	93	40.4	41	50.6	63.4	52	34.9	32.1
HbA_1c >5.7%	143	62.2	43	53.1	60.6	100	67.1	59.6
HbA_1c >6.5%	114	49.6	35	43.2	54.1	79	53.0	45.6
HbA_1c >8.5%	78	33.9	28	34.6	41.6	50	33.6	28.2
ALT >35 U/L	140	60.9	60	74.1	74.3	80	53.7	52.5
ALT >55 U/L	88	38.3	43	53.1	47.1	45	30.2	30.0
AST >35 U/L	112	48.7	50	61.7	58.5	62	41.6	42.3
AST >48 U/L	73	31.7	33	40.7	35.5	40	26.8	28.5
One or more organ abnormalities	182	79.1	74	91.4	93.8	108	72.5	66.1
Liver abnormalities	165	71.7	71	87.7	88.6	94	63.1	59.1
Hepatic steatosis^b	142	61.7	55	67.9	74.9	87	58.4	54.6
Hepatomegaly^c	99	43.0	57	70.4	70.6	42	28.2	28.0
Cirrhosis	8	3.5	5	6.2	5.9	3	2.0	1.5
Kidney abnormalities	93	40.4	44	54.3	67.5	49	32.9	28.3
Nephropathy^d	74	32.2	36	44.4	59.7	38	25.5	22.0
Chronic renal failure^e	10	4.3	5	6.2	11.4	5	3.4	3.4
ESRD	8	3.5	5	6.2	11.4	3	2.0	2.5
Transplant	1	0.4	1	1.2	2.4	0	0	0
Other^f	28	12.2	17	21.0	13.9	11	7.4	5.8
Heart abnormalities	70	30.4	28	34.6	51.3	42	28.2	21.8
Coronary artery disease^g	22	9.6	6	7.4	20.9	16	10.7	8.1
Cardiac arrhythmia^h	17	7.4	4	4.9	15.6	13	8.7	6.7
Cardiomyopathyⁱ	15	6.5	13	16.0	15.9	2	1.3	1.0
Heart failure	9	3.9	0	0	0	9	6.0	4.6
Transplant	1	0.4	0	0	0	1	0.7	0.5
Other^j	27	11.7	10	12.3	12.4	17	11.4	9.4
Pancreatitis	30	13.0	8	9.9	11.3	22	14.8	11.9

Abbreviations: ESRD, end-stage renal disease; IR, insulin resistance; Tg, triglycerides.

^{^a}

Age-adjusted lifetime prevalence accounting for variations in the distribution of age groups between patients with GL and PL.

^{^b}

Includes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and steatohepatitis.

^{^c}

Hepatic steatosis is the principle driver of hepatomegaly in lipodystrophy. However, a low percentage of patients may have hepatomegaly driven by other conditions.

^{^d}

Includes albuminuria, microalbuminuria, and proteinuria.

^{^e}

Includes mentions of chronic renal failure (recorded in open-text fields), kidney dysfunction (recorded in open-text fields), decreased kidney function (recorded in open-text fields), and ESRD (including kidney transplant).

^{^f}

Includes hematuria, kidney stones, nephromegaly, and renal hypoplasia.

^{^g}

Includes atherosclerosis, bypass surgery, ischemia, myocardial infarction, and probable anteroseptal infarct.

^{^h}

Includes atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, bradycardia, and tachycardia.

^ⁱ

Includes ventricular hypertrophy.

^{^j}

Includes aortic insufficiency, aortic outflow murmur, aortic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, ascending aorta dilated, asymmetric septal hypertrophy with a sigmoid septum, atrial-level shunt and ventricular dilation, AV malformation, AV shunt, cardiomegaly, dilated left atrium, effusion pericardial, grade II/VI midsystolic murmur at the base of the left sternal border, heart murmurs, left ventricular relaxation deficit, mild mitral insufficiency, mild mitral valve regurgitation, mild tricuspid insufficiency, mild tricuspid valve regurgitation, mitral insufficiency, mitral valve insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, mitral valve regurgitation, moderate mitral insufficiency, pulmonary AV malformation, pulmonic valve regurgitation, subaortic stenosis, subaortic ventricular septal defect, tricuspid insufficiency, tricuspid valve regurgitation, valvular heart disease, and ventricle diastolic-systolic dysfunction.