. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Geriatr Med. 2019 Jul 12;35(4):469–487. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2019.07.011

Table 1.

Short-, Medium- and Long-interval HIITs for Athletes and Older Patients with CVD

	Interval Duration Category	Duration (high-/low-intervals)	Intensity	Ratio of Interval Duration	Key Goals or Benefits
Athletes^30,31	Long	3–15/3–15 min	85–90% peak HR or peak VO₂	1:1	Improving function of aerobic metabolism system
	Medium	1–3/1–3 min	95–100% peak HR or peak VO₂	1:1	Improving functions of anaerobic and aerobic metabolism systems
	Short	10–60/10–60 s	100–120% peak HR or peak VO₂	1:1	Improving function of ATP-CP system
Older Patients with CVD	Long	3–4/3–4 mins	85–95% peak HR or peak VO₂	1:1	VO₂peak,V_E/VCO₂,VAT, _QoL^{4–6,12,13,33–35}
	Medium	1–2/1–4 mins	85–95% peak HR or peak VO₂	1:1–4	VO₂peak, VO₂/Pulse _QoL^15,36,67
	Short	15–60/15–120 s	85–95% peak HR or peak VO₂	1:1–8	VO₂peak,VO₂/Pulse^14,28,29,70

ATP-CP, adenosine triphosphate-creatine phosphate; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, heart rate; QoL, quality of life; VAT, ventilatory anaerobic threshold; V_E, ventilation; VCO₂ volume of carbon dioxide produced; VO₂, volume of oxygen consumed.