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. 2019 Sep 25;14(9):e0223073. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223073

Table 4. Usability problems in the UAF assessment phase with their severity and potential effect on task outcome.

ID No. Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Description of usability problem No.1 Severity Identifying potential outcomes2
20 Assessment Feedback Content and meaning Completeness and sufficiency of meaning The user questions what to do with ‘Advice number’. 1 0 None
21 Information display Content and meaning Error avoidance The message ‘No relevant cultures known’ is confusing. This message only refers to cultures in this hospital 2 1 Wrong antibiotic
22 Information display Content and meaning Error avoidance The user wonders why the resistance overview includes empty fields. 1 3 Wrong antibiotic
23 Information display Content and meaning Error avoidance The advice does not clearly indicate for what antibiotic the trough level has to be determined. 2 2 Determining medication dosage for the wrong antibiotic
24 Information display Content and meaning Error avoidance Physician reads essential information accompanying the advice, but prescribes the wrong antibiotic which is contrary to this information. 1 2 Wrong antibiotic
25 Information display Content and meaning Layout and grouping The final advice already appears earlier under a mouse over (which can be confusing). 1 2 None
26 Information display Content and meaning Layout and grouping The resistance overview displays the results of a bone marrow biopsy, which confuses the physician. 1 2 Wrong antibiotic
27 Information display Existence Human memory aids It is not clear whether the resistance viewer also takes resistance into account determined in other hospitals. 1 0 None
28 Information display Presentation Perceptual issues > noticeability Not clear whether the user realizes the Gentamicin doses has to be adjusted. 1 2 Wrong dosage
29 Information display Presentation Perceptual issues > noticeability The physician does not read the text which states that the Gentamicin dose has to be adjusted in case of a too high body mass index. 1 3 Wrong dosage

1The number of usability problems with the same classification path, in the interaction of different or the same user with the system.

2The mentioned outcomes are potential and did not have to occur.