Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of the NEPAL study participants
| Younger Controls (n=28) | Older No Chronic Pain (n=24) | Older Chronic Pain (n=39) | Sig. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 20.4 ± 1.6 | 71.4 ± 6.8 | 70.4 ± 6.0 | 0.001 |
| Sex, no. (%) | 0.090 | |||
| Female | 15 (53.6) | 12 (50.0) | 29 (74.4) | |
| Male | 13 (46.4) | 12 (50.0) | 10 (25.6) | |
| Race, no. (%) | ||||
| Caucasian | 14 (50.0) | 24 (100.0) | 32 (82.1) | 0.001 |
| African American | 3 (10.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.7) | |
| Hispanic | 10 (35.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.5) | |
| Other | 1 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (7.7) | |
| Education, no. (%) | ||||
| High School Degree | 19 (67.8) | 2 (8.3) | 13 (33.3) | 0.001 |
| Some College | 4 (14.3) | 2 (8.3) | 8 (20.5) | |
| Bachelor’s Degree | 5 (17.9) | 6 (25.0) | 7 (18.0) | |
| Graduate Degree | 0 (0.0) | 14 (58.3) | 11(28.2) | |
| CES-D, mean ± SD | 6.4 ± 4.7 | 6.2 ± 5.3 | 8.6 ± 7.9 | 0.230 |
| STAI, mean ± SD | 30.4 ± 11.1 | 24.4 ± 10.6 | 22.9 ± 11.7 | 0.029 |
| Total PSQI, mean ± SD | 7.2 ± 2.5 | 4.6 ± 2.5 | 7.0 ± 3.7 | 0.020* |
| 3MS, mean ± SD | 99.1 ± 2.5 | 99.4 ± 3.1 | 96.2 ± 4.5 | 0.001 |
(n=91).
*
PSQI questionnaires were returned by a subset of the participants (younger n=13, older controls n=19 and older chronic pain n=30)