Figure 2. Factors that influence the human microbiome architecture and different functions performed by our microbiome.

Genetics and mode of delivery at birth are the first predisposing factors impacting the gastrointestinal (GIT) microbiome. They work together with breast-feeding, hygiene, exposure to medication (antibiotics), dietary habits, and physical exercise to shape GIT microbiome. The diagram also sketches the different functions of the GIT microbiome. The microbiome helps to digest food and control host body energy homeostasis. Microbes secrete several useful peptides and are part of our body’s largest immune system.