Fig. 3. Loss of lung-related and renal transporter genes in the cetacean stem lineage.
(A and B) The loss of MAP3K19 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 19) and SEC14L3 (SEC14-like lipid binding 3), which are specifically expressed in cell types of the lung, may relate to the high-performance respiratory system of cetaceans. (C) The loss of the renal amino acid transporter SLC6A18 (solute carrier family 6 member 18) offers an explanation for the low plasma arginine levels in cetaceans and may have contributed to stronger vasoconstriction during the diving response. Visualization as in Fig. 1A. A shared donor (gt ➔ at) and acceptor (ag ➔ aa) splice site disrupting mutation is indicated in (B). All inactivating mutations are shown in figs. S7 to S9.