Table 1. Distribution of subjects and colorectal cancer cases according to anatomical subsite and medians (5th–95th percentiles) of total polyphenol intake in 10 participating countries in the EPIC Study.
| Country | N | Colorectal cancer cases, N |
Polyphenol intake (mg/d) | Flavonoid intake (mg/d) | Phenolic acid intake (mg/d) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Colon | Proximal | Distal | NOS | Rectum | |||||
| Women | ||||||||||
| Denmark | 28,720 | 533 | 363 | 170 | 161 | 32 | 170 | 1,552 (802-2,481) | 514 (133-1,459) | 890 (320-1,547) |
| France | 67,403 | 410 | 264 | 129 | 125 | 10 | 146 | 1,320 (552-2,603) | 514 (188-1,226) | 679 (165-1,848) |
| Germany | 27,379 | 177 | 121 | 66 | 53 | 2 | 56 | 1,033 (549-1,927) | 414 (153-1,051) | 504 (194-1,074) |
| Greece | 15,233 | 41 | 25 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 16 | 759 (345-1,556) | 247 (101-528) | 416 (105-1,105) |
| Italy | 30,513 | 342 | 264 | 119 | 116 | 29 | 78 | 853 (443-1,438) | 413 (175-791) | 377 (118-757) |
| Norway | 33,975 | 297 | 195 | 104 | 86 | 5 | 102 | 653 (263-1,090) | 184 (61-400) | 371 (66-844) |
| Spain | 24,850 | 218 | 154 | 57 | 79 | 18 | 64 | 671 (254-1,407) | 282 (80-684) | 311 (61-907) |
| Sweden | 26,368 | 442 | 305 | 182 | 108 | 15 | 137 | 838 (418-1,465) | 272 (89-678) | 488 (166-971) |
| The Netherlands | 26,912 | 387 | 268 | 154 | 109 | 5 | 119 | 1,158 (631-1,760) | 514 (185-1,008) | 574 (186-985) |
| United Kingdom | 52,566 | 555 | 381 | 216 | 132 | 33 | 174 | 1,443 (662-2,240) | 873 (317-1,495) | 469 (129-1,054) |
| TOTAL | 333,919 | 3,402 | 2,340 | 1,208 | 976 | 156 | 1,062 | 1,054 (415-2,148) | 420 (116-1,239) | 508 (123-1,318) |
| Men | ||||||||||
| Denmark | 26,294 | 709 | 395 | 161 | 202 | 32 | 314 | 1,594 (809-2,460) | 397 (107-1,271) | 993 (359-1,629) |
| France | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Germany | 21,178 | 258 | 141 | 59 | 67 | 15 | 117 | 1,093 (554-2,079) | 402 (140-1,056) | 549 (199-1,226) |
| Greece | 10,815 | 51 | 31 | 10 | 10 | 11 | 20 | 967 (469-1,921) | 302 (126-614) | 538 (153-1,377) |
| Italy | 14,032 | 228 | 160 | 55 | 86 | 19 | 68 | 1,009 (522-1,695) | 493 (202-964) | 428 (156-805) |
| Norway | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Spain | 15,139 | 339 | 220 | 81 | 126 | 13 | 119 | 834 (333-1,725) | 425 (118-1,085) | 315 (92-769) |
| Sweden | 22,306 | 473 | 284 | 142 | 136 | 6 | 189 | 888 (442-1,568) | 252 (75-664) | 544 (193-1,064) |
| The Netherlands | 9,627 | 119 | 58 | 29 | 26 | 3 | 61 | 1,155 (601-1,854) | 398 (137-910) | 674 (178-1,198) |
| United Kingdom | 22,850 | 412 | 268 | 132 | 114 | 22 | 144 | 1,509 (735-2,309) | 916 (334-1,519) | 517 (157-1,076) |
| TOTAL | 142,241 | 2,589 | 1,557 | 669 | 767 | 121 | 1,032 | 1,150 (505-2,159) | 419 (117-1,246) | 562 (162-1,396) |