Table 2. HRs (95% CIs) for colorectal cancer (CRC) and subsites, according to quintile of intake of total polyphenols in women and men from the EPIC study.
| Overall CRC | Colon | Proximal | Distal | P-value1 | Rectum | P-value2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | ||||
| Women | ||||||||
| Model 1 | Quintile 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Quintile 2 | 1.00 (0.89-1.13) | 0.96 (0.83-1.10) | 1.02 (0.84-1.24) | 0.86 (0.70-1.06) | 1.13 (0.91-1.40) | |||
| Quintile 3 | 1.11 (0.99-1.26) | 1.02 (0.89-1.18) | 1.06 (0.87-1.30) | 0.96 (0.77-1.19) | 1.37 (1.10-1.71) | |||
| Quintile 4 | 1.10 (0.97-1.25) | 0.99 (0.85-1.16) | 1.14 (0.92-1.41) | 0.81 (0.64-1.02) | 1.39 (1.10-1.76) | |||
| Quintile 5 | 1.12 (0.98-1.28) | 0.99 (0.85-1.17) | 1.12 (0.89-1.41) | 0.85 (0.66-1.09) | 1.45 (1.34-1.86) | |||
| P-trend | 0.09 | 0.93 | 0.26 | 0.22 | 0.004 | |||
| Continuous (log2) | 1.06 (0.99-1.13) | 0.99 (0.92-1.07) | 1.05 (0.94-1.16) | 0.92 (0.83-1.03) | 0.11 | 1.22 (1.09-1.37) | 0.002 | |
| Model 3 | Quintile 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Quintile 2 | 1.00 (0.89-1.13) | 0.96 (0.83-1.10) | 1.02 (0.84-1.24) | 0.86 (0.70-1.07) | 1.13 (0.91-1.41) | |||
| Quintile 3 | 1.12 (0.99-1.26) | 1.02 (0.88-1.18) | 1.05 (0.86-1.30) | 0.97 (0.78-1.21) | 1.39 (1.11-1.74) | |||
| Quintile 4 | 1.10 (0.97-1.26) | 0.99 (0.85-1.17) | 1.13 (0.90-1.41) | 0.82 (0.64-1.06) | 1.41 (1.10-1.80) | |||
| Quintile 5 | 1.13 (0.97-1.30) | 1.00 (0.83-1.19) | 1.11 (0.86-1.42) | 0.87 (0.66-1.14) | 1.49 (1.14-1.94) | |||
| P-trend | 0.10 | 0.92 | 0.35 | 0.36 | 0.006 | |||
| Continuous (log2) | 1.06 (0.99-1.14) | 0.99 (0.91-1.07) | 1.04 (0.93-1.17) | 0.93 (0.82-1.06) | 0.22 | 1.25 (1.10-1.41) | 0.002 | |
| Men | ||||||||
| Model 1 | Quintile 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Quintile 2 | 1.02 (0.90-1.16) | 1.08 (0.92-1.27) | 0.95 (0.74-1.22) | 1.23 (0.98-1.54) | 0.92 (0.75-1.13) | |||
| Quintile 3 | 0.96 (0.84-1.10) | 1.02 (0.86-1.21) | 0.94 (0.73-1.20) | 1.14 (0.90-1.44) | 0.88 (0.71-1.08) | |||
| Quintile 4 | 0.94 (0.82-1.08) | 0.93 (0.78-1.11) | 0.81 (0.62-1.06) | 1.07 (0.83-1.37) | 0.95 (0.77-1.18) | |||
| Quintile 5 | 0.89 (0.77-1.02) | 0.82 (0.68-0.99) | 0.78 (0.59-1.03) | 0.84 (0.64-1.11) | 0.97 (0.78-1.22) | |||
| P-trend | 0.05 | 0.010 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.94 | |||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.94 (0.88-1.01) | 0.88 (0.81-0.97) | 0.85 (0.74-0.97) | 0.91 (0.80-1.04) | 0.43 | 1.05 (0.93-1.17) | 0.022 | |
| Model 3 | Quintile 1 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | ||
| Quintile 2 | 1.03 (0.91-1.17) | 1.10 (0.93-1.29) | 0.95 (0.74-1.22) | 1.27 (1.01-1.59) | 0.93 (0.75-1.14) | |||
| Quintile 3 | 0.97 (0.85-1.11) | 1.04 (0.87-1.23) | 0.93 (0.72-1.21) | 1.18 (0.92-1.51) | 0.88 (0.71-1.10) | |||
| Quintile 4 | 0.96 (0.83-1.11) | 0.95 (0.79-1.15) | 0.80 (0.61-1.06) | 1.12 (0.86-1.46) | 0.96 (0.77-1.21) | |||
| Quintile 5 | 0.94 (0.80-1.10) | 0.89 (0.72-1.09) | 0.79 (0.58-1.08) | 0.95 (0.71-1.28) | 1.01 (0.79-1.29) | |||
| P-trend | 0.30 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.36 | 0.65 | |||
| Continuous (log2) | 0.97 (0.90-1.05) | 0.91 (0.82-1.01) | 0.85 (0.73-0.99) | 0.97 (0.84-1.12) | 0.21 | 1.08 (0.95-1.23) | 0.036 | |
1
P-value for heterogeneity for proximal vs distal colon cancer
2
P-value for heterogeneity for colon vs rectum cancer
Model 1: Cox model was stratified by age and centre.
Model 3: Cox model was additionally adjusted for smoking status and intensity, physical activity, education level, body mass index, total energy intake, alcohol, red and processed meat, fibre (g/d) and calcium (mg/d) intakes and in women also for menopausal status, hormone replacement therapy use, and oral contraceptive use.