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A schematic diagram of PAC1R signaling cascades. Activation of the PAC1R is dually coupled to Gs to stimulate adenylyl cyclase (AC) and Gq to stimulate phospholipase C (PLC) activity. The increase in cellular cAMP can stimulate protein kinase A (PKA)/EPAC pathways that can intersect and enhance MEK/ERK signaling. PAC1R activation and recruitment of β-arrestin also result in receptor internalization and formation of endosomal signaling platforms for long-term MEK/ERK signaling.
