Table 3. Prescribed respiratory medications according to inhaled corticosteroid use.
| Characteristics | ICS (−) | ICS (+) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | ||
| Total | 447,855 | 100.0 | 281,488 | 100.0 | |
| ICS | - | 0.0 | 110,542 | 39.3 | < 0.001 |
| ICS + LABA | - | 0.0 | 208,475 | 74.1 | < 0.001 |
| LABA | 2,206 | 0.5 | 2,764 | 1.0 | < 0.001 |
| LAMA | 5,935 | 1.3 | 27,070 | 9.6 | < 0.001 |
| LABA + LAMA | 146 | 0.0 | 343 | 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| SAMA | 7,729 | 1.7 | 29,752 | 10.6 | < 0.001 |
| SABA | 67,028 | 15.0 | 130,137 | 46.2 | < 0.001 |
| SABA + SAMA | 2 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.0 | 0.034 |
| LTRA | 286,475 | 64.0 | 180,790 | 64.2 | 0.024 |
| Theophylline | 249,135 | 55.6 | 143,355 | 50.9 | < 0.001 |
ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting β-agonists; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonists; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonists; SABA, short-acting β-agonists; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist.