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. 2019 Sep 25;9:13906. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50471-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Protection effects of PD on the treatment of OA. In vivo cartilage repair at 4 and 8 weeks post-surgery, (A) Macroscopic appearance and (B) ICRS scores of femoral condyles from OA rat were detected. (C–E) H&E staining, Saf-O/Fast Green staining, and Masson staining were performed in sections of cartilage. Original magnification × 40 (scale bar, 2,000 μm). (F,G) Histological score of articular cartilage was determined. (H–J) Immunohistochemical staining of Col II, IL-6, and TNF-α was performed in sections of cartilage. Original magnification × 80 and × 320. (K–N) qRT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression of Col II, ACAN, TNF-α, and IL-6 genes in cartilage at 4 and 8 weeks. Meanwhile, serum levels of (O) IL-6, and (P) TNF-α were determined using ELISA kits. Values are the means ± SD (n = 10). Bars with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05 and those with the same letter exhibit no significant difference.