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. 2019 Sep 25;9:13879. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50244-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plasma exosomes from transition cows at low-risk (LR-EXO) and high-risk (HR-EXO) for metabolic dysfunction both confirmed exosomal characteristics and differ in exosome particle numbers. (A) Representative western blot for exosomal markers Flotillin 1 (FLOT1) and tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) of exosomal fractions 5–16 and their presence in exosome-enriched fractions, those exosome-enriched fractions (exosomal samples) were pooled within each animal. (B) Spherical shape was confirmed in electron micrographs of exosomes from exosomal samples. (C) The size of exosomes (nm) is within the defined size of exosome (30–120 nm), and particle numbers (particle per mL) of exosomal samples was higher in low-risk exosomes. Mann-Whitney test was used to identify the significant differences between groups. ***P ≤ 0.001.