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. 2019 Sep 25;9:13859. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50424-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison between the amounts of bound anti-17β-estradiol antibodies and antibodies targeted on the AuNPs metal surface by the conjugation strategies evaluated (Physical adsorption and covalent attachment). The rate of bound antibodies was determined by the intrinsic fluorescence of the amino acids present in the IgG-like antibody structure (Excitation 280/emission 350 nm) and the rate of targeted antibodies was determined by the signal emitted by the anti-Fab Alexa Fluor 750 secondary antibodies.