Table 1.
Patient Characteristics.
| Characteristics | No DM | Short DM | Long DM | p valuea | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 218 | 87 | 45 | |||||||
| Age | Median [range] | 66 [32-86] | 66 [44-84] | 66 [50-83] | 0.647 | |||||
| Sex | Male (%) | 116 (53.2) | 51 (58.6) | 32 (71.1) | 0.077 | |||||
| Female (%) | 102 (46.8) | 36 (41.4) | 13 (28.9) | |||||||
| ECOG PS | 0 | 113 (51.8) | 48 (55.2) | 24 (53.3) | 0.564 | |||||
| 1 | 91 (41.7) | 37 (42.5) | 18 (40.0) | |||||||
| 2 | 12 (5.5) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (4.4) | |||||||
| NA | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.2) | |||||||
| Location | Head (%) | 75 (34.4) | 32 (36.8) | 13 (28.9) | 0.270 | |||||
| Body (%) | 81 (37.2) | 35 (40.2) | 13 (28.9) | |||||||
| Tail (%) | 62 (28.4) | 20 (23.0) | 19 (42.2) | |||||||
| No. of organs involved | <2 (%) | 123 (56.4) | 52 (59.8) | 27 (60.0) | 0.843 | |||||
| ≥2 (%) | 95 (43.6) | 35 (40.2) | 18 (40.0) | |||||||
| Median [range] | 1 [1-5] | 1 [1-5] | 1 [1-4] | 0.824 | ||||||
| Organs involved | Lymph node (%) | 75 (34.4) | 29 (33.3) | 16 (35.6) | 0.958 | |||||
| Liver (%) | 159 (72.9) | 64 (73.6) | 38 (84.4) | 0.281 | ||||||
| Lung (%) | 39 (17.9) | 17 (19.5) | 11 (24.4) | 0.574 | ||||||
| Peritoneum (%) | 78 (35.8) | 27 (31.0) | 10 (22.2) | 0.193 | ||||||
| Bone (%) | 5 (2.3) | 2 (2.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.744 | ||||||
| CA 19-9b | Normal (%) | 20 (9.2) | 13 (14.9) | 5 (11.1) | 0.482 | |||||
| Elevated, <59×ULN (%) | 82 (37.6) | 26 (29.9) | 16 (35.6) | |||||||
| Elevated, ≥59×ULN (%) | 102 (46.8) | 47 (54) | 23 (51.1) | |||||||
| NA | 14 (6.4) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.2) | |||||||
| Median [range] | 2,205 [2-1,861,000] | 3,081 [1-2,379,000] | 2,418 [3-312,700] | 0.933 | ||||||
| Biliary stent/tube | Yes (%) | 43 (19.7) | 19 (21.8) | 9 (20.0) | 0.925 | |||||
| No (%) | 175 (80.3) | 68 (78.2) | 36 (80.0) | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | <25.0 | 195 (89.4) | 76 (87.4) | 33 (73.3) | 0.008 | |||||
| ≥25.0 | 21 (9.6) | 11 (12.6) | 12 (26.7) | |||||||
| NA | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||||||
| Median [range] | 20.7 [14.2-30.3] | 21.4 [14.9-30.3] | 22.5 [16.0-33.6] | 0.015 | ||||||
| DM medication | Oral (%) | - | 39 (45.3) | 29 (65.9) | NA | |||||
| Metformin (%) | - | 2 (2.3) | 12 (27.3) | NA | ||||||
| Insulin (%) | - | 17 (19.8) | 18 (40.9) | NA |
aFisher’s exact test/Kruskal-Wallis test.bThe normal range was 0 to 37 U per milliliter.
DM: diabetes mellitus, ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, NA: not assessed, CA19-9: carbohydrate antigen 19-9, ULN: upper limit of normal, BMI: body mass index