Study ID | Age in years, mean (SD)a,b |
Gender, M/F, nb |
Previous MI, %a,b |
History of hypertension, %b |
Congestive heart failure, or coronary artery disease, %b |
Preoperative beta‐blockers, %b |
Ali 2015 | I: 41 (± 14) C: 38 (± 16) |
I: 29/6 C: 30/4 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Alkaya 2014 | I: 39.40 (± 10.76) C: 45.07 (± 13.27) |
I: 9/6 C:10/5 |
NR | NR | NR | Overall: 0 |
Aoyama 2016 | I: 67.4 (± 8.7) C: 66.9 (± 8.9) |
I: 14/11 C: 17/8 |
Overall (recent history): 0 | NR | Overall: 0 | NR |
Apipan 2010 | I: 24.63 (± 3.71) C: 26.30 (± 4.69) |
I: 19/11 C: 19/11 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Bayliff 1999 | I: 63.3 (± 9.3) C: 61.5 (± 11.3) |
I: 31/18 C: 30/20 |
I: 8 C: 4 |
I: 8 C: 16 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Bhattacharjee 2016 | I: 28.4 (± 5.12) C: 30.4 (± 5.24) |
I: 8/12 C: 8/12 |
NR | Overall: 0 | NR | NR |
Burns 1988 | Overall: 34.2 | All F | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Ceker 2015 | I: 57 (± 6.9) C: 57.9 (± 6.8) |
I: 23/7 C: 21/9 |
NR | Overall: 100 | Overall: 0 | NR |
Chung 1992 | I: 40 (± 12) C: 41 (± 8) |
All F | NR | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 | NR |
Cucchiara 1986 | NR | NR | Overall (within 6 months): 0 | NR | Overall: 0 | NR |
DIPOM 2006 | I: 64.9 (± 11.1) C: 64.8 (NR) |
I: 271/191 C: 268/191 |
I: 7.8 C: 7.4 |
I: 55 C: 62.7 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Do 2012 | I: 41.89 (± 9.71) C: 41.26 (± 10.45) |
I: 5/22 C: 6/21 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
El‐Shmaa 2016 | I: 47.5 (± 6.8) C: 47.6 (± 8.3) |
I: 17/13 C: 14/16 |
NR | Overall: 0 | NR | NR |
Gibson 1988 | I: 51.2 (± 17.5) C: 51.7 (± 15.7) |
I: 15/6 C: 8/11 |
NR | I: 8 C: 6 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Goyagi 2005 | I: 51 (± 16) C: 55 (± 18) |
I: 4/7 C: 5/6 |
NR | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 | NR |
Gupta 2011 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Overall: 0 | NR |
Harasawa 2006 | I: 51 (± 16) I: 44 (± 14) I: 45 (± 17) C: 48 (± 14) |
I: 4/4 I: 4/4 I: 4/4 C: 4.4 |
NR | NR | Overall: 0 | NR |
Helfman 1991 | Overall range: 46 to 53 | NR | NR | I: 10 C: 10 |
Overall: 0 | I: 15 C: 15 |
Horikoshi 2017 | I: 67 (± 7) C: 63 (± 8) |
I: 15/4 C: 18/2 |
Overall (recent): 0 | I: 31.6 C: 40 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Inada 1989 | I: 52 (± 5) I: 53 (± 5) C: 49 (± 5) |
I: 5/5 I: 4/6 C: 5/5 |
I: 0 I: 0 C: 20 |
I: 30 I: 20 C: 10 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Inoue 2010 | I: 62 (± 14) I: 56 (± 13) C: 57 (± 14) |
All F | NR | NR | Overall: 0 | NR |
Jakobsen 1986 | I: 29.4 (± 3.8) C: 36.4 (± 3.4) |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Jakobsen 1992 | I: 43 (± 15) C: 39 (± 2.2) |
All F | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Jakobsen 1997 | I: 60.3 (± 8.6) C: 60.6 (± 8.4) |
I: 13/5 C: 10/7 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Jangra 2016 | I: 26.7 (± 8.3) C: 31.9 (± 9.0) |
I: 3/7 C: 6/4 |
NR | NR | NR | Overall: 0 |
Kao 2017 | I: 39.9 (± 9.4) C: 40.4 (± 8.1) |
All F | NR | NR | NR | |
Kawaguchi 2010 | I: 57.1 (± 10.3) C: 57.3 (± 11.8) |
I: 11/17 C: 7/21 |
NR | I: 39.3 C: 50 |
I: 3.6 C: 3.6 |
NR |
Kindler 1996 | I: 37 (SEM ± 3) I: 43 (SEM ± 3) C: 41 (SEM ± 3) |
All F | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Lai 2006 | Median I: 66 C: 67 |
I: 24/6 C: 25/5 |
NR | I: 23.3 C: 16.7 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Lee 1994 | I: 32 (± 9) I: 29 (± 10) C: 34 (± 9) |
I: 11/9 I: 10/10 C: 8/12 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Lee 2010 | I: 36.3 (± 7.7) C: 34.5 (± 6.1) |
I: 12/18 C: 14/16 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Lee 2015 | I: 41 (± 10) C: 48 9 (± 10) |
I: 4/23 C: 4/24 |
NR | Overall: 0 | NR | Overall: 0 |
Lee 2017 | I: 42.8 (± 17.5) I: 42.8 (± 17.5) C: 43.5 (± 15.2) |
I: 13/17 I: 12/18 C: 13/17 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Lim 2000 | Median (range) I: 35 (27‐67) I: 28 (21‐67) C: 57 (25‐74) |
I: 8/4 I: 5/7 C: 4/8 |
NR | I: 16.7 I: 16.7 C: 25 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Liu 1986 | I: 45.6 (± 2.8) C: 44.9 (± 3.3) |
I: 2/14 C: 1/13 |
NR | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Liu 2006 | I: 70 (± 5) C: 69 (± 8) |
I: 9/6 C: 7/8 |
NR | NR | NR | Overall: 0 |
Louizos 2007 | I: 44 (± 8) I: 43 (± 11) C: 41 (± 8) |
I: 28/26 I: 26/29 C: 26/27 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Magnusson 1986 | I: 56 (± 9) C: 59 (± 7) |
I: 3/10 C: 7/7 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 100 | Overall: 0 | NR |
Mallon 1990 | Overall: 44.7 (± 13) | Overall: 14/13 | NR | NR | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Meftahuzzaman 2014 | I: 38.5 (± 11.23) C: 35.33 (± 10.41) |
I: 15/15 C: 15/15 |
NR | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 | NR |
Menigaux 2002 | I: 37 (range 19‐53) C: 36 (range 18‐54) |
I: 15/10 C: 18/7 |
NR | Overall: 0 | NR | Overall: 0 |
Mikawa 1991 | I: 44.7 (range 26‐58) I: 45.1 (range 24‐57) C: 43.4 (range 25‐57) |
I: 3/7 I: 4/6 C: 3/7 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Miller 1990 | I: 59 (± 9) I: 60 (± 9) C: 58 (± 8) |
I: 12/3 I: 13/2 C: 13/2 |
I: 0 I: 1 C: 20 |
NR | Overall: 100 | Overall: 0 |
Miller 1991 | I: 56 (± 16) I: 55 (± 16) C: 56 (± 16) |
I: 90/97 I: 88/93 C: 85/95 |
Overall (within 3 months): 0 | I:28.3 I: 23.2 C: 33.9 |
I: 12.8 I: 11.1 C: 8.9 |
NR |
Miyazaki 2009 | I: 74 (± 4) I: 73 (± 3) C: 75 (± 4) C: 76 (± 5) |
NR | NR | NR | Overall: 0 | NR |
Moon 2011 | I: 37.9 (± 11.7) C: 40.9 (± 11.0) |
All F | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Neary 2006 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Overall: 0 |
Ohri 1999 | I: 42.32 (± 8.58) C: 42.8 (± 12.39) |
I: 6/19 C: 2/23 |
NR | NR | Overall: 0 | NR |
Ojima 2017 | Median (range) I: 68 (31‐85) C: 69 (45‐83) |
I: 36/14 C: 41/9 |
I: 4 C: 2 |
I: 44 C: 48 |
NR | NR |
Oxorn 1990 | I: 43.9 (± 13.8) C: 43.9 (± 13.8) |
All F | Overall (within 3 months): 0 | NR | NR | Overall: 0 |
Park 2009 | I: 48 (± 11) C: 45 (± 11) | I: 8/34 C: 11/32 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
POBBLE 2005 | Median (IQR) I: 73 (61‐79) C: 74 (66‐76) |
I: 40/13 C: 35/9 |
NR | NR | NR | Overall: 0 |
POISE 2008 | I: 68.9 (± 10.5) C: 69.1 (± 10.4) |
I: 2625/1549 C: 2668/1509 |
NR | I: 63.1 C: 62.9 |
I: 43.2 C: 42.7 |
Overall: 0 |
PRESAGE 2016 | I: 62 (± 11) C: 62 (± 10) |
I: 55/49 C: 59/51 |
NR | I: 15.4 C: 11.8 |
I: 5.8 C: 3.6 |
Overall: 0 |
Raby 1999 | I: 69 C: 67 |
I: 8/7 C: 4/7 |
I: 40 C: 36.4 |
NR | NR | I: 33.3 C: 36.4 |
Safwat 1984 | I: 33 (± 2.3) I: 37 (± 5.0) I: 36 (± 3.3) C: 33 (± 3.6) |
I: 5/5 I: 5/5 I: 6/4 C: 3/7 |
NR | I: 0 I: 10 I: 0 C: 10 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Shailaja 2013 | I: 61.6 (± 9.09) C: 57.9 (± 11.2) |
I: 20/10 C: 19/11 |
NR | Overall: 100 | NR | I: 10 C: 3.3% |
Sharma 1996 | I: 54.9 (± 1.6) I: 56.6 (± 2.0) C: 50.8 (± 1.2) |
I: 4/11 I: 5/10 C: 5/10 |
NR | Overall: 100 | NR | NR |
Sharma 2018 | I: 30.86 (± 8.65) C: 31.46 (± 9.0) |
I: 18/12 C: 21/9 |
NR | Overall: 0 | NR | Overall: 0 |
Shrestha 2011 | I: 31.11 (± 12.26) C: 32.11 (± 9.74) |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Shukla 2010 | I: 44.1 (± 11.8) C: 43.1 (± 10.4) |
I: 14/16 C: 16/14 |
NR | NR | Overall: 0 | NR |
Singh 1995 | I: 53 (± 15) C: 53 (± 11) |
All M | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Singh 2010 | I: 31.08 I: 30.56 C: 30.28 |
I: 15/10 I: 15/10 C: 17/8 |
NR | NR | NR | Overall: 0 |
Singh 2012 | I: 40.8 (± 13.7) C: 41.8 ( 12.7) |
I: 16/24 C: 11/29 |
NR | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Srivastava 2015 | I: 50.8 (± 9.2) C: 53.4 (± 9.7) |
I: 20/10 C: 23/7 |
NR | Overall: 0 | NR | Overall; 0 |
Stone 1988 | I: 63 (± 3) I: 65 (± 2) I: 65 (± 3) C: 68 (± 2) |
I: 21/8 I: 19/11 I: 22/8 C: 28/11 |
I: 10.3 I: 10 I: 3.3 C: 12.8 |
Overall: 100 | Overall: 0 | NR |
Sugiura 2007 | I: 60 (± 3) I: 55 (± 7) C: 57 (± 4) |
I: 6/4 I: 6/4 C: 7/3 |
NR | Overall: 100 | NR | Overall: 0 |
Tendulkar 2017 | I: 43.76 (± 13.33) C: 39.86 (± 12.59) |
I: 19/11 C: 13/17 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Ugur 2007 | I: 41.76 (± 12.6) C: 36.96 (± 13.3) |
I: 10/20 C: 9/21 |
NR | NR | NR | NR |
Unal 2008 | I: 50.3 (± 17.1) I: 48.1 (± 16.2) C: 50.3 (± 12.2) |
I: 7/8 I: 7/8 C: 8/7 |
NR | NR | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Urias 2016 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Van den Berg 1998 | I: 67 (± 11) C: 65 (± 11) |
I: 27/13 C: 21/19 |
NR | I: 22.5 C: 10 |
NR | I: 10 C: 5 |
Verma 2018 | I: 48.9 (± 13.4) C: 42.7 (± 17.1) |
I: 26/14 C: 23/17 |
NR | Overall: 0 | NR | Overall: 0 |
Wajima 2011 | I: 42.6 (± 8.6) C: 41.5 (± 7.9) |
All F | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Wallace 1998 | I; 68 (± 8.6) C: 67 (± 10.2) |
NR | I: 18.2 C: 25.7 |
I: 71.7 I: 59.4 |
I: 60.6 C: 41.6 |
I: 18.2 C: 7.9 |
Ward‐Booth 1983 | Overall: 26.5 (range 16‐65) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
White 2003 | I: 41 (± 11) C: 37 (± 6) |
All F | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Whitehead 1980 | I: 27 C: 22 |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Yamazaki 2005 | I: 49.0 (± 16.4) I: 47.4 (± 14.5) C: 50.5 (± 16.4) |
NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Yang 2006 | I: 66.4 (± 10) C: 65.9 (± 10) |
I: 193/53 C:184/66 |
I: 15 C: 12 |
NR | Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
Yang 2008 | I: 71 (± 8) C: 71 (± 9) |
I: 21/30 C: 21/30 |
NR | NR | Overall (at risk or high risk): 100 | NR |
Yoshida 2017 | Median (range) I: 64 (48‐79) C: 62 (45‐82) |
I: 35/4 C:32/8 |
NR | I: 30.8 C: 27.5 |
I: 2.6 C: 2.5 |
NR |
Zaugg 1999 | I: 76 (± 7) I: 75 (± 7) C: 73 (± 6) |
I: 9/11 I: 15/5 C: 13/6 |
I: 45 I: 25 C: 31.6 |
I: 70 I: 85 C: 68.4 |
Overall: 0 | Overall: 0 |
C: control group; I: intervention group; ID: identification; IQR: interquartile range;M/F: male/female; MI: myocardial infarction; NR: not reported; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of the mean |