Horikoshi 2017.

Methods	RCT, parallel design
Participants	Total number of randomized participants: 40 Inclusion criteria: ASA I or II; scheduled to undergo oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer Exclusion criteria: people with cardiac disease (e.g. arrhythmias including AF, conduction abnormalities, antiarrhthymic medications including beta‐blockers, recent angina pectoris, and MI); pulmonary or renal disease; thyroid dysfunction Type of surgery: elective oesophagectomy Baseline characteristics Intervention group (landiolol) Age, mean (SD): 67 (± 7) years Gender, M/F: 15/4 History of hypertension, n: 6 Control group (placebo) Age, mean (SD): 63 (± 8) years Gender, M/F: 18/2 History of hypertension, n: 8 Country: Japan Setting: single centre; university hospital
Interventions	Intervention group (landiolol) Randomized, n = 20; losses = 1 (due to data collection error); analysed, n = 19 (ITT analysis not used) Details: 5 µg/kg/min landiolol from induction of anaesthesia until morning of the 1st postoperative day Control group (placebo) Randomized, n = 20; losses = 0; analysed, n = 20 Details: saline given same as the intervention group
Outcomes	Outcomes measured/reported by study authors: AF (reported after surgery, on 1st postoperative day, and 2nd postoperative day), sinus tachycardia; haemodynamic variables; plasma cytokines concentration in blood; bradycardia (not defined); hypotension (not defined); heart failure; cardiogenic shock; length of hospital stay Outcomes relevant to the review: AF (2nd postoperative day), hypotension; bradycardia; length of hospital stay; congestive heart failure
Notes	Funding/declarations of interest: no external funding sources, and study authors declare no conflicts Study dates: April 2012‐January 2015
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Use of computer‐generated random numbers
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	See above
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Anaesthesiologists and surgeons were blinded to group assignment
Blinding of outcome assessors (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not specfied
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Loss of participant, ITT analysis not used
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Retrospective clinical trial registration (UMIN000020238). Not feasible to assess risk of reporting bias from these documents
Other bias	Low risk	Not detected