Inoue 2010.

Methods	RCT, parallel design
Participants	Total number of randomized participants: 90 Inclusion criteria: ASA I to II; scheduled for gynaecological procedures in the supine position Exclusion criteria: symptomatic ischaemic heart disease, hepatic or renal disease; coagulopathy; administered vasodilator medications; unable to measure tympanic temperature; contraindications to beta‐blockers Type of surgery: elective gynaecological procedures Baseline characteristics Intervention group (landiolol) Age, mean (SD): 62 (± 14) years Intervention group (esmolol) Age, mean (SD): 56 (± 13) years Control group (placebo) Age, mean (SD): 57 (± 14) years Country: Japan Setting: single centre; hospital
Interventions	Intervention group (landiolol) Randomized, n = 30; losses = 4 (due to problems with blood sample collection); analysed, n = 26 Details: 0.2 mg/kg, adjusted to 0.1 mL/kg of solution, given as a single bolus immediately prior to induction of GA Intervention group (esmolol) Randomized, n = 30; losses = 2 (due to problems with blood sample collection); analysed, n = 28 Details: 1 mg/kg, adusted to 0.1 mL/kg of solution, given same as landiolol group Control group (placebo) Randomized, n = 30; losses = 1 (due to problems with blood sample collection); analysed, n = 29 Details: normal saline 0.1 mL/kg, given same as the intervention group
Outcomes	Outcomes measured/reported by study authors: temperature changes; haemodynamic variables; bradycardia (not defined); hypotension (not defined); bronchospasm Outcomes relevant to the review: bradycardia; hypotension
Notes	Funding/declarations of interest: funding sources not reported. Study authors declare no conflicts Study dates: not reported Notes: we combined data for both beta‐blocker groups in analysis
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "Randomly assigned (closed envelope technique)" Comment: insufficient information
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Use of "closed" envelopes; however, no additional information is specified
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Attending anesthesiologists were blinded to the test drugs"
Blinding of outcome assessors (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not specified
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Small number of losses with reasons reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study authors did not report prospective clinical trial registration or publication of a protocol. It was not feasible to effectively assess risk of reporting bias
Other bias	Low risk	Not detected