TABLE 2.
Characteristics associated with MDR N. gonorrhoeae among 6,134 isolates from 4,612 individuals between 2012 and 2018a
| Characteristics | MDR N. gonorrhoeae, n/N (%) | Initial OR and P value |
Adjusted OR and P value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | ||
| Yr | 0.67 (0.63–0.72) | <0.001 | 0.65 (0.61–0.70) | <0.001 | |
| Age (yr) | |||||
| ≤24 | 89/1,658 (5.4) | 1.12 (0.73–1.73) | 0.599 | ||
| 25–34 | 108/2,947 (3.7) | 0.75 (0.49–1.14) | 0.182 | ||
| 35–44 | 28/926 (3.0) | 0.62 (0.36–1.05) | 0.076 | ||
| ≥45 | 29/601 (4.8) | 1 (ref) | |||
| Risk population | |||||
| MSM | 204/5,230 (4.6) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Heterosexual males | 24/527 (3.9) | 1.17 (0.76–1.81) | 0.468 | 1.03 (0.66–1.60) | 0.913 |
| Females | 25/334 (7.5) | 1.99 (1.29–3.07) | 0.002 | 1.95 (1.16–3.30) | 0.012 |
| Othersb | 1/43 (2.3) | 0.59 (0.08–4.29) | 0.602 | 0.78 (0.10–5.90) | 0.806 |
| Current sex work | |||||
| No | 217/5,026 (4.3) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Yes | 12/157 (7.6) | 1.84 (1.00–3.36) | 0.049 | 0.95 (0.45–2.00) | 0.901 |
| Unknown | 25/951 (2.6) | 0.60 (0.40–0.91) | 0.017 | 1.45 (0.92–2.28) | 0.111 |
| Sex overseas in preceding 12 mo | |||||
| No | 137/3,201 (4.3) | 1 (ref) | |||
| Yes | 74/1,525 (4.9) | 1.14 (0.85–1.52) | 0.375 | ||
| Unknown | 43/1,408 (3.1) | 0.71 (0.50–1.00) | 0.052 | ||
| HIV status | |||||
| Negative | 219/5,291 (4.1) | 1 (ref) | |||
| Positive | 35/843 (4.2) | 0.99 (0.69–1.44) | 0.975 | ||
| Country of birth | |||||
| Oceania | 151/3,628 (4.2) | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Northwest Europe | 19/455 (4.2) | 1.00 (0.61–1.63) | 0.999 | 1.01 (0.61–1.67) | 0.962 |
| Southern and Eastern Europe | 7/171 (4.1) | 0.99 (0.46–2.15) | 0.982 | 1.09 (0.50–2.40) | 0.825 |
| North Africa/Middle East | 6/87 (6.9) | 1.71 (0.73–3.99) | 0.214 | 2.05 (0.86–4.88) | 0.107 |
| Southeast Asia | 18/559 (3.2) | 0.77 (0.46–1.26) | 0.295 | 1.01 (0.61–1.68) | 0.969 |
| Northeast Asia | 28/362 (7.7) | 1.92 (1.26–2.93) | 0.002 | 2.10 (1.33–3.32) | 0.001 |
| Southern and Central Asia | 3/163 (1.8) | 0.43 (0.14–1.38) | 0.157 | 0.46 (0.14–1.47) | 0.187 |
| Americas | 14/364 (3.8) | 0.93 (0.53–1.62) | 0.786 | 1.20 (0.68–2.12) | 0.534 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 2/88 (2.3) | 0.55 (0.14–2.28) | 0.414 | 0.64 (0.15–2.64) | 0.533 |
| Unknown | 6/257 (2.3) | 0.55 (0.24–1.26) | 0.159 | 0.49 (0.21–1.12) | 0.091 |
a
MDR, multidrug resistant; OR, odds ratio; ref, reference; n/N, number MDR/number in risk group.
b
The category “Others” includes individuals who self-identified their gender as either “other” or “transgender.”