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. 2019 Sep 17;30(9):1117–1132. doi: 10.1089/hum.2019.059

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

rAd.sT downregulates protumorigenic/metastasis, reduces Th2 cytokines, and increases Th1 cytokine and chemokine expression in the tumor microenvironment. On day 12 (2 days following adenoviral treatments), tumors in 4T1 and Renca xenografts were removed, and total RNA was isolated. After cDNA was synthesized, the expression of metastasis-related genes (CTGF, PTHrP, CXCR4, and IL-11), angiogenesis-associated genes (VEGFA and VEGFR), and epithelial/mesenchymal transition markers (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin) was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR, and normalized by β-actin (n = 4/group) (A). In the murine Renca model, tumors were also collected 2 days following treatments with viruses. The expression of CTGF, PTHrP, and IL-11 was detected by real-time RT-PCR (n = 4/group) (B). The expression of Th2 cytokines (TGFβ1, IL-6, and IL-10), Th1 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ), and chemokines (perforin and granzyme B) was detected by real-time RT-PCR in day 12 tumor tissues (C). (n = 4/group). Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus buffer group. RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR.