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. 2019 Sep 17;30(9):1117–1132. doi: 10.1089/hum.2019.059

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

TGFβ and TGFβ regulatory genes are upregulated in breast and renal cancer patients. Surgical specimens were obtained from 34 breast cancer patients and 16 renal cancer patients for clinical and pathological examination. (A) TGFβ mRNA expression in the tumors. The TGFβ expression was measured by real-time RT-PCR in the tumor tissues and distal normal tissues. The relative expression of TGFβ in tumor tissues was normalized by that in normal tissues of the same patient. (B–E) Expression of TGFβ target genes in tumor tissues expressing higher TGFβ levels. The mRNA expression of CXCR4, PTHrP, and CTGF in breast cancer (B, D) and renal cancer patients (C, E) was detected by real-time RT-PCR. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 versus normal tissues. CTGF, connective tissue growth factor; PTHrP, parathyroid hormone-related protein; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β.