Table 1.

Echocardiogram Data on 3‐Month‐Old Male and Female GRflox and CardioGRKO

	Males		Females
	Controls (n=5)	CardioGRKO (n=5)	Controls (n=5)	CardioGRKO (n=6)
IVS;d, mm	1.13±0.23	0.94±0.11	1.21±0.17	0.96±0.18
LVID;d, mm	2.73±0.32	2.89±0.51	2.56±0.57	2.88±0.29
LVPW;d, mm	1.13±0.22	1.18±0.28	1.12±0.45	0.95±0.19
IVS;s, mm	1.48±0.22	1.32±0.20	1.42±0.04	1.35±0.17
LVID;s, mm	1.42±0.18	2.14±0.42*	1.40±0.43	1.73±0.40
LVPW;s, mm	1.47±0.28	1.27±0.12	1.47±0.41	1.24±0.19
EF, %	83.25±3.24	70.73±8.51*	78.91±7.62	74.98±6.60
FS, %	48.66±3.10	37.44±5.90*	46.33±6.37	42.93±8.84
LV mass, mg	89.63±25.75	99.96±19.50	82.73±8.86	82.26±11.17
HW	131.66±0.95	173.8±3.48†, ∥	137.44±1.80	144.66±9.09†, ¶
BW, g	31.84±0.74	32.70±0.72	31.05±1.11	28.38±1.33
HW/BW	4.13±0.10	5.29±0.81†, §	4.43±0.15	5.10±0.33†
LV mass/BW	2.82±0.85	3.05±0.65	2.66±0.29	2.89±0.34
HR, bpm	716.20±19.20	681.40±30.22	707.80±2.4	700.8±25.78

Echocardiographic measurements from transthoracic M‐mode tracings on conscious male and female. Data are mean±SD. Two‐way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey test multiple comparisons analysis (male controls vs female controls, male controls vs male cardioGRKO, male controls vs female cardioGRKO, female controls vs male cardioGRKO, female controls vs female cardioGRKO, and male cardioGRKO vs female cardioGRKO) were used to evaluate whether differences between groups were statistically significant. Values without asterisks were not significantly different. bpm indicates beats per min; HW, heart weight; BW, body weight; EF, ejection fraction; FS, fractional shortening; HR, heart rate; IVS;d, interventricular septal thickness in diastole; IVS;s, interventricular septal thickness in systole; LV, left ventricular; LVID;d, LV end‐diastolic dimension; LVID;s, LV end‐systolic dimension; LVPW;d, posterior wall thickness in diastole; LVPW;s, posterior wall thickness in systole.

*P<0.05 and ^† P<0.01 vs control males.

^§ P<0.05, ^∥ P<0.01 vs control females.

P<0.001 vs cardioGRKO males.