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. 2019 Jul 27;8(15):e012617. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.012617

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© 2019 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Extracellular vesicle (EV) injection improves arteriolar density in the myocardium of high‐fat fed animals. A, Arteriolar density, as determined by α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) staining, was significantly increased in the high‐fat diet with myocardial EV injection group (HVM) compared with the control group (high‐fat diet with vehicle injection) (CON) in both the nonischemic and the ischemic myocardium. There was no difference between the HVMC and calpain inhibition group (HVMC) and the CON in either the nonischemic or the ischemic ventricle. B, A ×20 high‐power field image representative of myocardial tissue with staining of α‐ in red, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) in green, and 4’,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) in blue. *P<0.05 (Kruskal‐Wallis with Dunn's post hoc analysis test was used to compare the means among the 3 groups).