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. 2019 Sep 19;10:2159. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02159

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Copyright © 2019 Elolimy, Alharthi, Zeineldin, Parys, Helmbrecht and Loor.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Fecal microbiota at birth in heifer calves born to cows offered a control diet (CON, n = 13) or CON supplemented with ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected methionine (MET, n = 13; Mepron^® at 0.09% of diet DM; Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany) during the last 28 days of pregnancy. (A) Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plot of fecal microbiota profile. (B) Alpha diversity indices. (C) Cladogram of LEfSe analysis shows the overrepresented microbial populations. Taxa are significant from LeFSe (P ≤ 0.05 and LDA cutoff > 3.0). (D) Histogram of the LDA scores reveals the most differentially regulated metabolic pathways in fecal microbiota at KEGG levels 3.