Table 3. Distribution of cognitive, motor, language, temperament and behavioral scores of children by vitamin D deficient (< 50 nmol/L) and sufficient (≥ 50 nmol/L) group (unadjusted comparison).
| Vitamin D level * < 50 nmol/L |
Vitamin D level * ≥ 50 nmol/L |
Group Difference p value (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 58 | n = 147 | ||
| Cognitive composite score 1 | 100.7±11.7 | 100.2±10.5 | 0.76 (-2.8 to 3.8) |
| Motor composite score 1 | 99.3±12.7 | 97.8±12.4 | 0.47 (-2.4 to 5.2) |
| Language composite score 1 | 93.7±11.2 | 91.7±11.2 | 0.26 (-1.5 to 5.4) |
| Social emotional composite score 2 | 88.7±13.4 | 88.0±15.3 | 0.77 (-3.8 to 5.2) |
| Expressive language 2 | 2.3±1.1 | 2.3±1.0 | 0.76 (-0.3 to 0.4) |
| Comprehensive language2 | 8.5±3.8 | 9.4±3.9 | 0.18 (-2.0 to 0.4) |
| Temperament–Activity2 | 13.6±5.2 | 15.4±4.8 | 0.02 (-3.4 to -0.3) |
| Temperament–Attention 2 | 13.7±4.0 | 13.9±4.8 | 0.77 (-1.6 to 1.2) |
| Temperament–Negative Emotionality2 | 28.6±5.0 | 27.8±6.0 | 0.38 (-1.0 to 2.6) |
| Temperament–Positive Emotionality 2 | 13.7±3.9 | 14.6±3.9 | 0.17 (-2.0 to 0.4) |
| Temperament- Sociability 2 | 9.4±4.5 | 10.5±4.1 | 0.09 (-2.4 to 0.2) |
| Temperament- Soothability 2 | 10.37±4.2 | 12.76±4.8 | 0.001(-3.8 to -1.0) |
| Approach of the child during test 3 | 4.7±0.7 | 4.7±0.7 | 0.88 (-0.2 to 0.2) |
| Activity of the child during test 3 | 5.0±1.0 | 5.2±1.0 | 0.07 (-0.6 to 0.02) |
| Emotion of the child during test3 | 5.2±0.7 | 5.2±0.9 | 0.57 (-0.3 to 0.2) |
| Cooperativeness of the child during test3 | 4.7±0.7 | 4.8±0.8 | 0.95 (-0.3 to 0.2) |
| Vocalization of the child during test 3 | 2.5±1.2 | 2.8±1.4 | 0.16 (-0.7 to 0.1) |
Independent sample t test
*mean values of untransformed developmental outcome data
1Direct measurement on infants
2Mother’s report
3Observation during test