Table 2. Types of ARI diagnoses and disease-specific antibiotic prescription at the study clinics between April 1 and December 27, 2016 in Nairobi, Kenya (N = 17,739 ARIs).
| Categories of ARI diagnoses | ICPC-2* code |
Frequency N (%)** |
Antibiotics prescribed N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute upper respiratory tract infections | R74 | 7,041 (39.7%) | 5,611 (79.7%) |
| (other) acute respiratory infections*** | R83 | 4,425 (24.9%) | 4,235 (95.7%) |
| Rhinitis | R97 | 2,337 (13.2%) | 358 (15.3%) |
| Acute Tonsillitis | R76 | 1,351 (7.6%) | 1,348 (99.8%) |
| Pneumonia | R81 | 946 (5.3%) | 946 (100%) |
| Acute bronchitis/or bronchiolitis | R78 | 503 (2.8%) | 318 (63.2%) |
| Influenza | R80 | 311 (1.8%) | 192 (61.7%) |
| Otitis Media | H70—H72 | 291 (1.6%) | 274 (94.2%) |
| Sinusitis | R75 | 151 (0.9%) | 103 (68.2%) |
| (other) acute respiratory diseases**** | R99 | 139 (0.8%) | 131 (94.2%) |
| Streptococcal sore throat | R72 | 129 (0.7%) | 111 (86.0%) |
| Sneezing/Nasal congestion | R07 | 99 (0.6%) | 5 (5.1%) |
| Acute laryngitis/or tracheitis | R77 | 16 (0.1%) | 14 (87.5%) |
* ICPC-2 code: International classification of primary care, second edition
** A patient can have multiple clinic-visits or multiple diagnoses in a visit.
*** “R83—Respiratory infection, other” includes all other acute respiratory infections not classified nor included in R07, R71-
R78, and R80—R82.
**** “R99—Respiratory disease, other” is less specific; it is a ragbag class/code for all respiratory diseases not classified in the
other “R” classes (i.e., R01-R98).