Table 4. Antimicrobial treatment.
| Antimicrobials | HCAIa (n = 65) | CAIa (n = 259) | ICPa (n = 21) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p vs. HCAI | p vs. HCAI | p vs. CAI | ||||
| Total β-lactams | 62 (0.95) | 266 (1.03) | ns | 22 (1.05) | ns | ns |
| Penicillins (Total) | 33 (0.51) | 165 (0.64) | ns | 6 (0.29) | ns | 0.001 |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid | 5 (0.08) | 56 (0.22) | ns | 0 (0.00) | ns | ns |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 28 (0.43) | 109 (0.42) | ns | 6 (0.29) | ns | 0.008 |
| Cephalosporins (Total) | 4 (0.06) | 21 (0.08) | ns | 2 (0.10) | ns | ns |
| Cefotaxime | 3 (0.05) | 18 (0.07) | ns | 1 (0.05) | ns | ns |
| Ceftriaxone | 1 (0.02) | 2 (0.01) | ns | 1 (0.05) | ns | ns |
| Ceftazidime | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.00) | ns | 0 (0.00) | - | ns |
| Carbapenems (Total) | 23 (0.35) | 79 (0.31) | ns | 14 (0.67) | ns | 0.001 |
| Imipenem | 1 (0.02) | 15 (0.06) | ns | 1 (0.05) | ns | ns |
| Meropenem | 17 (0.26) | 35 (0.14) | ns | 12 (0.57) | 0.009 | <0.001 |
| Ertapenem | 5 (0.08) | 29 (0.11) | ns | 1 (0.05) | ns | ns |
| Monobactams (Aztreonam) | 2 (0.03) | 1 (0.00) | ns | 0 (0.00) | ns | ns |
| Total aminoglycosides | 4 (0.06) | 15 (0.06) | ns | 2 (0.10) | ns | ns |
| Total quinolones | 2 (0.03) | 5 (0.02) | ns | 1 (0.05) | ns | ns |
| Glycylcyclines (Tigecycline) | 9 (0.14) | 7 (0.03) | <0.001 | 3 (0.14) | ns | 0.006 |
| Daptomycin | 4 (0.06) | 2 (0.01) | 0.004 | 2 (0.10) | ns | 0.001 |
| Linezolid | 4 (0.06) | 16 (0.06) | ns | 4 (0.19) | ns | ns |
| Metronidazole | 7 (0.11) | 27 (0.10) | ns | 3 (0.14) | ns | ns |
| Total antifungals | 10 (0.15) | 29 (0.11) | ns | 6 (0.29) | ns | ns |
Antimicrobials used as empirical treatment. Data are expressed as n (ratio of per-patient antimicrobial use).
aHCAI: Healthcare-associated infection; CAI: Community-associated infection; ICP: Immunocompromised patients
ns: non-significant (p>0.01)