The effects of dvl-1 on sAPPα are not mediated via GSK-3β. Inhibition of GSK-3β with lithium, mimicking the dvl signal, did not increase sAPPα production (A), and overexpression of GSK-3β, countering the dvl signal, did not reduce sAPPα (B). In all cases, densitometry data are normalized relative to controls for each individual experiment.