Confocal laser microscopy analysis of CCR4 expression on DRG neurons. A, Staining with anti-mouse CCR4 antiserum demonstrated the expression of CCR4 receptor in a population of neurons from cultured rat DRG cells. B, Colocalization of substance P and the CCR4 receptor in rat DRG neurons.a, DRG neuron staining for substance P.b, Staining for CCR4. c, Overlay of images in a and b showing the colocalization of substance P and the CCR4 receptor. C, Colocalization of VR1 and the CCR4 receptor in rat DRG neurons.a, DRG neuron staining for VR1. Three DRG neurons were stained positively for the VR1. b, Staining for CCR4.c, Overlay of images in a andb showing the colocalization of VR1 and the CCR4 receptor in one neuron (black arrow) and absence of CCR4 (white arrow) in the second VR1-stained neuron.D, Left, The effect of MDC, RANTES, gp120 HIV-1IIIB, and bradykinin on substance P release from cultured neonatal DRG neurons. D,Right, The effects of 50 mmK+ and 1 μm capsaicin used as positive controls. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.