Table 1.

Summary of the phase-shifting effects of various compounds applied in vitro

Treatment	Number	Length of treatment	Phase shift1-a
5-HT (10 μm)	3	1 hr	4.3  ± 0.2*
(+)DPAT (10 μm)1-b	3	1 hr	3.7  ± 0.5*
(+)DPAT (10 μm)	2	10 min	4.0  ± 0.0*
Glutamate (10 mm)	2	1 hr	0.0  ± 0.0
AMPA (10 μm)	2	1 hr	0.8  ± 0.4
NMDA (100 μm)	2	1 hr	0.8  ± 0.4
Kainate (100 μm)	2	1 hr	0.5  ± 0.0
Optic chiasm stimulation	3	15 min	−0.2  ± 0.2
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + glutamate (10 μm–1 mm)	2	1 hr	2.8  ± 0.4*
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + glutamate (10 mm)	3	1 hr	2.2  ± 0.2*
[(+)DPAT (10 μm) + glutamate (10 mm)] ×31-c	2	1 hr	0.3  ± 0.4
[(+)DPAT (10 μm) + glutamate (10 mm) + TTX (1 μm)] ×31-c	3	1 hr	3.2  ± 0.1*
5-HT (10 μm) + AMPA (10 μm)	3	1 hr	0.3  ± 0.2
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + AMPA (10 μm)	3	1 hr	0.3  ± 0.2
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + AMPA (10 μm) + TTX (1 μm)	3	1 hr	3.0  ± 0.4*
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + NMDA (10–100 mm)	4	1 hr	3.1  ± 0.3*
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + NMDA (100 μm) + AMPA (0.1 μm)	2	1 hr	3.1  ± 0.2*
[(+)DPAT (10 μm) + NMDA (10 μm)] ×31-c	2	1 hr	4.0  ± 0.7*
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + NMDA (100 μm)	3	10 min	0.1  ± 0.1
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + NMDA (100 μm) + TTX (1 μm)	3	10 min	3.3  ± 0.5*
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + bicuculline (30 μm)	3	10 min	3.9  ± 0.1*
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + NMDA (100 μm) + bicuculline (30 μm)	3	10 min	3.8  ± 0.1*
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + kainate (10–100 μm)	4	1 hr	3.4  ± 0.3*
[(+)DPAT (10 μm) + kainate (100 μm)] ×31-c	2	1 hr	3.3  ± 0.4*
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + kainate (100 μm)	2	10 min	3.5  ± 0.0
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + optic chiasm stimulation	3	10 min	0.8  ± 0.2
(+)DPAT (10 μm) + optic chiasm stimulation + bicuculline	3	10 min	3.17  ± 0.2*

^F1-aPhase shifts calculated by comparing the times-of-peak in drug-treated versus control slices with the mean time-of-peak in control slices of ZT 6.0 ± 0.3 (n = 3).

^F1-bData from Prosser (1998b).

^F1-c“×3” refers to three applications during the 1 hr treatment period. For details, see Materials and Methods.

^*p < 0.05 versus control.