Chemical structures of oxidized phosphatidylcholines and their effects
on bilayer packing. (A) Hydroxy- (HOSAPC and HOPLPC) and hydroperoxy-(HPSAPC,
HPPLPC, and 9-tc) phospatidylcholines. Different
cis/trans isomers are possible. 13-tc
refers to trans-11, cis-9 isomer of HPPLPC.
(B) Truncated (cleaved chain) phosphatidylcholines with aldehyde (12-al, PONPC,
POVPC, ox1-DOPC, and ox2-DOPC) and carboxylic (PAzPC and PGPC), functional
groups. For further details see reference 14671467. (C) Example of conformation changes
that lipid molecules undergo due to peroxidation. In this case singlet oxygen
adds the more hydrophilic group-OOH at either 9 or 10 position, which migrates
to the bilayer surface. This imposes a kink to the acyl chain, with an
accompanying increase in area δA per lipid. Figure taken from reference
397397.