Table 1. Baseline characteristics by vitamin B12 monitoring.
| Patient Characteristic | Vitamin B12 Monitoring | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=81) | No (n=241) | ||
| Site, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| FQHC | 43 (53.1) | 240 (99.6) | |
| PACE | 38 (46.9) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 69.23 (12.89) | 56.42 (12.15) | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.34 | ||
| Female | 50 (61.7) | 132 (54.8) | |
| Male | 31 (38.3) | 109 (45.2) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.04 | ||
| White | 46 (56.8) | 91 (37.8) | |
| African American | 21 (25.9) | 66 (27.4) | |
| Hispanic | 8 (9.9) | 47 (19.5) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 2 (2.5) | 18 (7.5) | |
| Other | 1 (1.2) | 7 (2.9) | |
| Declined | 3 (3.7) | 12 (5.0) | |
| eGFR, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| < 30 ml/min/1.73m2 | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 30-44 ml/min/1.73m2 | 4 (4.9) | 1 (0.4) | |
| 45-60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 19 (23.5) | 12 (5.0) | |
| > 60 ml/min/1.73m2 | 42 (51.9) | 117 (48.5) | |
| NA | 15 (18.5) | 111 (46.1) | |
| Metformin daily dose, n (%) | 0.89 | ||
| 1000 mg to < 2000 mg | 36 (44.4) | 103 (42.7) | |
| ≥ 2000 mg | 45 (55.6) | 138 (57.3) | |
| Other antidiabetic agents, n (%) | |||
| Insulin | 21 (25.9) | 55 (22.8) | 0.68 |
| Sulfonylurea | 35 (43.2) | 73 (30.3) | 0.05 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 2 (2.5) | 10 (4.1) | 0.73 |
| DPHARMPRACT-3-4 inhibitor | 20 (24.7) | 20 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist | 15 (18.5) | 34 (14.1) | 0.44 |
| SGLT-2 inhibitor | 0 (0.0) | 7 (2.9) | 0.27 |
| Other B12 lowering agent(s) use, n (%) | |||
| Proton pump inhibitor | 28 (34.6) | 50 (20.7) | 0.02 |
| Histamine-2 receptor antagonist | 5 (6.2) | 14 (5.8) | 0.99 |
| Colchicine | 1 (1.2) | 4 (1.7) | 0.99 |
| Oral contraceptive | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.1) | 0.43 |
| B12 supplementation, n (%) | 22 (27.2) | 11 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral neuropathy diagnosis, n (%) | 4 (4.9) | 3 (1.2) | 0.13 |
eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FQHC: Federally Qualified Health Center; PACE: Program of All Inclusive Care for the Elderly