Table 1.
Demographic and treatment characteristics among survivors of childhood cancer and siblings.
| Characteristic | Survivors, n(%) | Siblings, n(%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White, NH (n=12,287) |
Black, NH (n=600) |
Hispanic (n=821) |
P | White, NH (n=2882) |
Black, NH (n=70) |
Hispanic (n=103) |
P | |
| Sex | 0.03 | 0.84 | ||||||
| Male | 6139 (49.8) | 298 (48.8) | 373 (45.4) | 1311 (45.5) | 31 (44.3) | 44 (42.7) | ||
| Female | 6148 (50.2) | 302 (51.2) | 448 (54.6) | 1571 (54.5) | 39 (55.7) | 59 (57.3) | ||
| Age at diagnosis (years) | <0.001 | |||||||
| 0-4 | 4709 (40.2) | 240 (41.1) | 308 (39.5) | |||||
| 5-9 | 2733 (23.3) | 134 (23.9) | 233 (29.3) | |||||
| 10-14 | 2663 (20.2) | 142 (22.5) | 156 (17.8) | |||||
| 15-20 | 2182 (16.3) | 84 (12.5) | 124 (13.4) | |||||
| Year of diagnosis | <0.001 | |||||||
| 1970-79 | 3842 (28.4) | 114 (16.7) | 155 (16.4) | |||||
| 1980-89 | 5313 (41.6) | 274 (42.3) | 322 (36.7) | |||||
| 1990-99 | 3132 (30.1) | 212 (41.0) | 344 (46.9) | |||||
| Age at follow-up (years) | <0.001 | 0.03 | ||||||
| <25 | 2649 (22.6) | 150 (26.3) | 201 (26.6) | 544 (18.9) | 21 (30.4) | 29 (28.2) | ||
| 25-34 | 5227 (44.2) | 271 (45.3) | 369 (45.6) | 956 (33.3) | 25 (36.2) | 37 (35.9) | ||
| 35-44 | 3734 (28.2) | 159 (25.5) | 227 (25.2) | 1022 (35.6) | 17 (24.6) | 30 (2.1) | ||
| 45-54 | 676 (5.0) | 20 (2.9) | 24 (2.6) | 338 (11.8) | 6 (8.7) | 6 (5.8) | ||
| ≥55 | 11 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | |||||
| Cancer diagnosis | <0.001 | |||||||
| Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 3216 (33.0) | 133 (31.4) | 232 (37.8) | |||||
| Acute myeloid leukemia | 421 (3.1) | 20 (2.9) | 48 (5.1) | |||||
| Other leukemia | 118 (0.9) | 5 (0.7) | 13 (1.4) | |||||
| Astrocytoma | 1279 (9.4) | 54 (7.9) | 87 (9.2) | |||||
| Medulloblastoma, PNET | 468 (3.5) | 34 (5.0) | 29 (3.1) | |||||
| Other CNS tumors | 331 (2.4) | 23 (3.4) | 21 (2.2) | |||||
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 1569 (11.6) | 67 (9.8) | 106 (11.2) | |||||
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 992 (7.3) | 45 (6.6) | 54 (5.7) | |||||
| Kidney tumors | 1097 (8.1) | 96 (14.1) | 67 (7.1) | |||||
| Neuroblastoma | 864 (6.4) | 32 (4.7) | 57 (6.0) | |||||
| Soft tissue sarcoma | 919 (6.8) | 48 (7.1) | 38 (4.0) | |||||
| Ewing sarcoma | 377 (2.8) | 3 (0.4) | 16 (1.7) | |||||
| Osteosarcoma | 575 (4.2) | 40 (5.9) | 51 (5.4) | |||||
| Other bone tumors | 61 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.2) | |||||
| Cranial radiation (maxTD, Gy) | 0.002 | |||||||
| None | 7902 (70.3) | 341 (68.7) | 536 (73.1) | |||||
| >0-<20† | 1121 (10.5) | 49 (13.6) | 64 (9.9) | |||||
| 20-<30 | 969 (8.2) | 32 (5.6) | 54 (7.7) | |||||
| 30- <50 | 335 (2.7) | 6 (1.1) | 15 (1.8) | |||||
| ≥50 | 1037 (8.2) | 63 (11.1) | 65 (7.6) | |||||
| Intravenous methotrexate, g/m2 | <0.001 | |||||||
| None | 9060 (75.2) | 361 (65.5) | 584 (75.4) | |||||
| <4.3 | 1265 (11.7) | 53 (11.4) | 81 (12.8) | |||||
| ≥4.3 | 1094 (13.2) | 73 (23.1) | 74 (11.8) | |||||
| Intrathecal methotrexate, mg/m2 | 0.02 | |||||||
| None | 7756 (62.6) | 347 (62.1) | 503 (60.6) | |||||
| <230 | 2602 (24.7) | 103 (24.7) | 145 (22.7) | |||||
| ≥230 | 900 (12.7) | 32 (13.3) | 75 (16.7) | |||||
| Systemic corticosteroid | 0.60 | |||||||
| None | 6697 (53.4) | 301 (52.6) | 436 (51.3) | |||||
| Prednisone only | 4510 (43.6) | 178 (44.6) | 301 (46.2) | |||||
| Any dexamethasone | 383 (3.0) | 16 (2.8) | 22 (2.5) | |||||
| Health insurance status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 11021 (90.3) | 478 (79.5) | 696 (85.8) | 2630 (91.6) | 61 (87.1) | 83 (81.4) | ||
| No | 1182 (9.7) | 116 (20.5) | 123 (14.2) | 241 (8.4) | 9 (12.9) | 19 (18.6) | ||
| Household income ($‡) | <0.001 | 0.003 | ||||||
| <20,000 | 1036 (10.1) | 115 (27.6) | 105 (15.8) | 125 (4.8) | 5 (10.6) | 8 (9.1) | ||
| 20-39,999 | 1464 (14.2) | 109 (23.0) | 144 (21.5) | 242 (9.2) | 4 (8.5) | 11 (12.5) | ||
| 40-59,999 | 1670 (15.9) | 89 (17.7) | 127 (18.4) | 313 (12.0) | 10 (21.3) | 12 (13.6) | ||
| 60-79999 | 1560 (14.5) | 62 (13.2) | 101 (14.7) | 346 (13.2) | 7 (14.9) | 17 (19.3) | ||
| 80-99999 | 1279 (11.9) | 31 (5.8) | 59 (8.5) | 327 (12.5) | 8 (17.0) | 15 (17.0) | ||
| ≥100,000 | 3741 (33.5) | 63 (12.8) | 158 (21.1) | 1266 (48.3) | 13 (27.7) | 25 (28.4) | ||
| Educational attainment | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| <High school graduate or GED | 564 (4.6) | 42 (7.8) | 52 (6.1) | 110 (3.8) | 5 (7.1) | 3 (2.9) | ||
| High school graduate | 1778 (14.2) | 128 (20.9) | 147 (18.4) | 342 (11.9) | 14 (20.0) | 12 (11.7) | ||
| Any college/post-high school training | 4041 (33.0) | 264 (43.1) | 334 (40.0) | 925 (32.1) | 30 (42.9) | 52 (50.5) | ||
| College or post-graduate degree | 5871 (48.2) | 163 (28.2) | 287 (35.5) | 1504 (52.2) | 21 (30.0) | 36 (35.0) | ||
| Employment | <0.001 | 0.69 | ||||||
| Unable to work | 985 (7.8) | 95 (15.1) | 96 (11.4) | 41 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.9) | ||
| Unemployed | 1398 (11.4) | 81 (13.6) | 113 (13.7) | 284 (9.9) | 8 (11.4) | 13 (12.6) | ||
| Employed/student | 9904 (80.8) | 424 (71.2) | 612 (75.0) | 2557 (88.7) | 6 (88.6) | 88 (85.4) | ||
| Major medical condition | 0.33 | 0.93 | ||||||
| Yes | 3409 (26.4) | 167 (26.6) | 251 (28.5) | 236 (8.2) | 5 (7.1) | 9 (8.7) | ||
| No | 8878 (73.6) | 433 (73.4) | 570 (71.5) | 2646 (91.8) | 65 (92.9) | 94 (91.3) | ||
Analyses including percentages were weighted to account for under-sampling of acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors in latter era (1987–1999)
†
Direct cranial radiation doses (not including stray/scatter).
‡
Adjusted to 2016-dollar value. NH=non-Hispanic; maxTD=maximum tumor dose