Table 1.
Descriptive baseline characteristics of the six included population-based prospective cohort studies.
| Cohort | ARIC | DHS | EPIC-Norfolk | FHS Offspring | MONICA/KORA | MDCS-CV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Geographical setting (baseline assessment) | USA (1986-1989) | USA (2000-2002) | UK (1993-1997) | USA (1998-2001) | Germany (1984-2002) | Sweden (1991-1994) |
| N individuals included in the analysis | 1,234 | 2,931 | 3,182 | 3,069 | 2,055 | 4,709 |
| Follow-up (years) | 23.0 [13.2-27.8] | 11.0 (1.7) | 16.8 (6.4) | 13.8 (3.7) | 15.7 (6.4) | 19.5 (4.9) |
| N incident stroke events | 153 | 64 | 503 | 172 | 116 | 427 |
| N incident ischemic stroke events | 141 | 42 | 458 | 141 | 99 | 352 |
| N incident hemorrhagic stroke events | 12 | 9 | 76 | 22 | 17 | 69 |
| N fatal stroke events | 10 | 6 | 132 | 26 | 22 | 30 |
| Age (years) | 56.9 (5.3) | 44.0 (10.0) | 65.3 (7.8) | 61.6 (9.4) | 52.4 (10.3) | 57.5 (4.9) |
| Male sex (N, %) | 738 (59.8) | 1254 (42.8) | 2009 (63.1) | 1421 (46.3) | 1093 (53.2) | 1873 (39.8) |
| Hypertension (N, %) | 417 (33.9) | 944 (32.7) | 2029 (63.8) | 1378 (44.9) | 877 (42.7) | 2958 (62.8) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 125 (20) | 124 (19) | 141 (18) | 127 (19) | 133 (19) | 141 (19) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74 (12) | 78 (10) | 85 (11) | 74 (10) | 82 (11) | 87 (9) |
| Diabetes (N, %) | 156 (12.6) | 296 (10.1) | 623 (19.6) | 379 (12.3) | 103 (5.0) | 183 (3.9) |
| Hypercholesterolemia (N, %) | 760 (61.6) | 377 (12.9) | 414 (13.0) | 1615 (52.6) | 1251 (57.4) | 2918 (62.8) |
| LDL cholesterol levels (mg/dL) | 142.8 (39.9) | 107.4 (35.3) | 160.1 (39.4) | 119.9 (32.7) | 148.5 (2.4) | 161.3 (37.9) |
| HDL cholesterol levels (mg/dL) | 49.6 (16.5) | 50.0 (14.6) | 51.8 (15.1) | 53.9 (16.7) | 56.0 (17.0) | 53.8 (14.3) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 (5.1) | 29.7 (7.0) | 26.6 (3.6) | 28.1 (5.3) | 27.2 (4.1) | 25.6 (3.9) |
| Smoking status (N, %) | ||||||
| Never smokers | 461 (37.3) | 1639 (55.9) | 1201 (10.3) | 1077 (35.1) | 947 (46.1) | 1916 (40.1) |
| Ex-smokers | 397 (32.2) | 496 (16.9) | 1652 (51.9) | 1604 (52.3) | 591 (28.8) | 1777 (37.8) |
| Current smokers | 376 (30.5) | 796 (27.2) | 329 (37.7) | 388 (12.6) | 517 (25.1) | 1010 (21.5) |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 100.0 (16.6) | 99.5 (23.7) | 74.5 (24.9) | 83.3 (16.5) | 87.9 (17.4) | 76.9 (15.3) |
| Coronary artery disease (N, %) | 68 (5.5) | 79 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 265 (8.6) | 46 (2.2) | 78 (1.7) |
| Atrial fibrillation (N, %) | 1 (0.1) | 35 (1.2) | n/a | 119 (3.9) | n/a | 34 (0.7) |
| Heart failure (N, %) | 53 (4.3) | 83 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 31 (1.0) | 119 (5.7) | 2 (0.04) |
| hsCRP levels (mg/L) | n/a | 2.8 [1.2-6.8] | 2.0 [1.0-3.8] | 2.2 [1.0-5.1] | 1.4 [0.7-3.3] | 1.3 [0.7-2.7] |
| Sample used for MCP-1 assessment | plasma | plasma | serum | serum | serum | plasma |
| MCP-1 levels (pg/mL) | 398.9 [348.4-467.1] | 166.5 [122.9-224.4] | 51.5 [38.8-68.1] | 313.4 [253.9-382.3] | 298.0 [127.6-323.8] | 2.52 [2.22-2.82]* |
The numbers correspond to N (%) for categorical variables and to mean (SD) or median [25th - 75th percentile] for continuous variables.
The used assay in MDCS did not provide MCP-1 measurements as absolute values, but as relative expression levels obtained by proximity extension assay (PEA).
Abbreviations: ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study; DHS, Dallas Heart Study; EPIC-Norfolk, European Prospective Investigation of Cancer, Norfolk; FHS Offspring, Framingham Heart Study- Offspring Cohort; MONICA/KORA, Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease - Kooperative Gesundheitsforschung in der Region Augsburg; MDCS-CV, Malmö Diet and Cancer Study – Cardiovascular sub-cohort; BMI, body mass index; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density liporprotein; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1; SBP, systolic blood pressure.