Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Sep 26;9:13931. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-50329-3

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Interpretation of the results from bystander experiments. If a tested population of pretreated cells shows apoptotic potential, but no bystander effect induction, the dependency of apoptosis induction on the percentage of pretreated cells is a strict line. In the case of bystander signaling, the resultant curve is hyperbolic. It can be reduced to the linear relationship when inhibitors of bystander signaling (such as the singlet oxygen scavenger histidine or other relevant inhibitors) are present during the coculture phase. If pretreatment of tumor cells is a singlet oxygen-dependent pathway as well (as in the case of CAP and PAM), the presence of certain inhibitors will neither allow apoptosis induction nor bystander induction. If the number of bystander inducing cells in the pretreated population is low, the hyperbolic curve will be shifted more to the right, thus allowing quantitation of the bystander-inducing population.