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. 2019 Sep 26;10(10):711. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1958-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — A diagram illustrating how HFD increases CRC growth. HFD feeding increases palmitic acid level in CRC. Palmitic acid increases the β2AR expression in CRC cells in a Sp-1 dependent manner. Upon activation of the β2AR, cAMP/PKA axis is activated, which increases the phosphorylation of HSL at S552. The phosphorylated HSL (S552) mediates changes of the metabolic phenotypes and increases energy production in CRC, which promotes CRC growth