TABLE 2.
Univariate cox regressions showing the variables associated with pain recurrence in 43 patients with LBP treated with FJI.
| Variables | HR | 95% CI | p |
| Age ≥ 50 years | 1.0 | (0.4–2.3) | 0.93 |
| Male | 1.1 | (0.4–2.3) | 0.89 |
| BMI > 30 (kg m–2)a | 1.1 | (0.4–3.2) | 0.83 |
| Scholarship < 12 years | 1.1 | (0.5–2.5) | 0.80 |
| Manual work | 1.2 | (0.5–3.1) | 0.62 |
| Smoking | 20.6 | (1.8–227.8) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes Mellitus II | 2.0 | (0.3–14.9) | 0.51 |
| Fibromyalgia | 1.9 | (0.7–5.3) | 0.17 |
| Hypertension | 1.0 | (0.4–2.3) | 0.95 |
| Sedentary lifestyle | 2.3 | (0.8–6.2) | 0.09 |
| Previous opioid use | 1.1 | (0.4–2.6) | 0.78 |
| Previous lumbar surgery | 1.0 | (0.4–2.8) | 0.89 |
| Time of pain duration ≥ 24 m | 1.1 | (0.5–2.5) | 0.75 |
| MRI findingsb | |||
| Facet arthropathy ≥ 3 levels | 1.2 | (0.3–1.8) | 0.60 |
| Spine deformity | 1.1 | (0.3–1.6) | 0.60 |
| DDDc | 1.7 | (0.5–5.9) | 0.35 |
| Disc herniation | 1.0 | (0.4–2.5) | 0.88 |
| Spondylolisthesis | 1.3 | (0.5–3.4) | 0.50 |
| Facet synovial cyst | 1.1 | (0.1–8.6) | 0.88 |
| Lumbar muscle weakness | 1.4 | (0.6–3.6) | 0.42 |
| Supraspinal ligament stretch | 1.0 | (0.4–2.4) | 0.94 |
| Spinal stenosis | 1.1 | (0.4–2.6) | 0.79 |
| Psychiatric Symptoms | |||
| Catastrophizing, PCSd ≥ 5 | 4.6 | (1.8–11.7) | 0.001 |
| Anxiety, BAIe ≥ 10 | 3.0 | (1.4–6.7) | 0.007 |
| Depression, BDIf ≥ 10 | 3.9 | (1.6–9.6) | 0.003 |
HR = Hazard ratio; CI = Confidence interval; aBody mass index; bMRI = Magnetic resonance imaging; cDegenerative disc disease; dPain Catastrophizing Scale; eBeck Anxiety Index; fBeck Depression Index.