Table 2.
Criteria for donors' selection.
| EXCLUSION CRITERIA | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infectious diseases risk | Gastrointestinal, metabolic and neurological disorders | Drugs that can impair gut microbiota composition |
| ▸ History of, or known exposure to, HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis, HTLV1-2, tuberculosis, malaria, trypanosomiasis ▸ Known systemic infection not controlled at the time of donation ▸ Use of illegal drugs ▸ Risky sexual behavior ▸ Previous reception of tissue/organ transplant ▸ Recent (<12 months) reception of blood products ▸ Recent (<6 months) needle stick accident ▸ Recent (<6 months) body tattoo, piercing, earring, acupuncture ▸ Recent medical treatment in poorly hygienic conditions ▸ Risk of transmission of prions diseases ▸ Recent parasitosis or infection from rotavirus, Giardia lamblia, and other microbes with GI involvement ▸ Recent (<6 months) travel in tropical countries, countries at high risk of communicable diseases or traveller's diarrhea ▸ Recent (<6 months) history of vaccination with a live attenuated virus, if there is a possible risk of transmission ▸ Healthcare workers (to exclude the risk of transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms) ▸ Individual working with animals (to exclude the risk of transmission of zoonotic infections) |
▸ History of inflammatory bowel syndrome or disease, functional chronic constipation, coeliac disease, other chronic GI disorders ▸ History of chronic, systemic autoimmune diseases with GI involvement ▸ History of, or high risk for, GI cancer or polyposis ▸ Recent appearance of diarrhea, hematochezia ▸ History of neurological/neurodegenerative diseases ▸ History of psychiatric conditions determining mental health instability or incapacity ▸ Overweight and obesity (body mass index >25) |
▸ Recent (<3 months) exposure to antibiotics, immunosuppressants, chemotherapy ▸ Chronic therapy with proton pump inhibitors |
| ISSUES TO ADDRESS ON THE SAME DAY OF DONATION TO CHECK ANY RECENTLY ONSET OF HARMFUL EVENTS | ||
| The following issues, if present, contraindicate donation on the same day on which they are assessed: ▸ Newly appeared GI signs and symptoms, for example, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice ▸ Newly appeared illness or general signs as fever, throat pain, swollen lymph nodes ▸ Use of antibiotics or other drugs that may impair gut microbiota, new sexual partners, or travels abroad since the last screening ▸ Recent ingestion of a substance that may result harmful for the recipients ▸ Travel in tropical areas—contact with human blood (sting, wound, showing, piercings, tattoos)—sexual high-risk behavior ▸ Diarrhea (more than three loose or liquid stools per day) among members of the entourage (including children) of the donor | ||
| BLOOD AND STOOL TESTING TO CHECK DONORS FOR ANY POTENTIALLY TRANSMITTABLE DISEASE | ||
| General blood testing | General stool testing | |
| ▸ Cytomegalovirus ▸ Epstein-Barr virus ▸ Hepatitis A ▸ HBV ▸ HCV ▸ Hepatitis E virus ▸ Syphilis ▸ HIV-1 and HIV-2 ▸Entamoeba histolytica ▸ Complete blood cell count with differential ▸ C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ▸ Albumin ▸ Creatinine and electrolytes ▸ Aminotransferases, bilirubin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase |
▸ Detection of Clostridium difficile ▸ Detection of enteric pathogens, including Salmonella, Shigella ▸Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157 H7, Yersinia, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria ▸ Norovirus ▸ Antigens and/or acid fast staining for Giardia lamblia and Criptosporidium parvum ▸ Protozoa (including Blastocystis hominis) and helminths ▸ Fecal occult blood testing |
|
| Blood testing in specific situations | Stool testing in specific situations | |
| ▸ Human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II antibodies Strongyloides stercoralis | ▸ Detection of Vibrio cholera and Listeria monocytogenes ▸ Antigens and/or acid fast staining for Isospora and Microsporidia ▸ Calprotectin ▸Helicobacter pylori fecal antigen ▸ Rotavirus |
|