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. 2019 Sep 20;13:995. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00995

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Effects of acupuncture on cognitive functions measured through Y-maze and NOR tests. Effects of acupuncture (AP1, AP2, or CP) or amitriptyline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment on cognitive impairment were investigated using Y-maze (A–D) and NOR (E,F) tests in the PSNL-induced neuropathic pain model. All groups: n = 10. ∗p < 0.05, ∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001 vs. the Sham group, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. the PSNL group, &p < 0.05, &⁣&p < 0.01, and &⁣&⁣&p < 0.001 vs. the AP1 group. The data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA followed by Newman–Keuls post hoc tests (A–F). Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. The cognitive function measures in both Y-maze and NOR tests were correlated with paw withdrawal frequency (G,H). The r-values were analyzed with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. AP1, acupuncture 1 (GB30 and GB34); AP2, acupuncture 2 (HT7 and GV20); CP, control point; NOR, novel object recognition.