Table 5.

Cardiovascular complications in fatty liver disease and the common assessment methods.

Cardiovascular complications in fatty liver disease	Common methods of assessment
Coronary artery disease	Increased coronary artery calcium score—Multiple detector computed tomography
Carotid disease	Increased carotid intima media thickness and presence of carotid plaques—Carotid ultrasound
Structural alterations	Increased left ventricular mass index, interatrial thickness, left atrial stiffness—Transthoracic echocardiography
Epicardial Fat	Increased epicardial fat thickness measurements—Transthoracic echocardiography
Valvular calcifications	Aortic-valve sclerosis and mitral annular calcification—Transthoracic echocardiography
Functional alterations	Diastolic dysfunction—Transthoracic echocardiography
Arrythmias	Atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias—Electrocardiogram
Conduction alterations	Atrioventricular blocks, bundle branch blocks—Electrocardiogram
QTc interval	Prolonged QTc interval—Electrocardiogram