Table 1.
Protein substrates of the HECT‐type E3s in autophagy regulation
| E3 | Type of autophagy | Target | Type of poly‐ub chains | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SMURF1 |
Xenophagy Starvation‐induced autophagy |
Cargo UVRAG |
K48‐Ub chains K29, K33‐Ub chains |
Orvedahl et al. (2011); Feng et al. (2019) |
| SMURF2 | Selective autophagy | Cargo (Lamin A) | Unknown | Borroni et al. (2018) |
| NEDD4‐1 |
Basal and starvation‐induced autophagy Mitophagy Xenophagy |
BECLIN 1 p62 |
K6, K27‐Ub chains K63‐Ub chains |
Pei et al. (2017); Sun et al. (2017); Lin et al. (2017) |
| NEDD4‐2 | Basal and ER‐induced autophagy | ULK1 | K27, K29 and K63‐Ub chains |
Wang et al. (2016) Nazio et al. (2016) |
| ITCH | Basal autophagy | Unknown | Unknown | Chhangani et al. (2014) |
| WWP1 | Basal autophagy | Unknown | Unknown | Sanarico et al. (2018) |
| HUWE1 |
Starvation‐induced autophagy Mitophagy |
WIPI2 MFN2 |
Unknown |
Wan et al. (2018) Di Rita et al. (2018) |