Fig. 5.

Comparison of the action of HNG with those of ADNF, IGF-I, and bFGF against Aβ1–43, V642I-APP, NL-APP, M146L-PS1, and N141I-PS2. A, Effects of sHNG, ADNF, bFGF, or IGF-I on neuronal death by Aβ1–43 or PrP106–126. Primary neurons were treated with 25 μm Aβ1–43 (left 4 panels) or 100 μm PrP106–126 (right 4 panels) in the presence or absence of various concentrations of sHNG (0, 10 pm, 100 pm, 1 nm, 10 nm, 100 nm, and 1 μm fromleft to right), ADNF (0, 10 am, 1 fm, 100 fm, 10 pm, 1 nm, and 10 nm fromleft to right), bFGF (0, 10 pg/ml, 100 pg/ml, 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 1 μg/ml from left toright), or IGF-I (0, 10 pm, 100 pm, 1 nm, 10 nm, 100 nm, and 1 μm from left to right).Top panels, Cell mortality was measured 72 hr after Aβ treatment by trypan blue exclusion assay. Bottom panels, Cell viability was measured 72 hr after Aβ treatment by calcein fluorescence assay in independent experiments. All values indicate means ± SD of at least three independent treatments. ** indicates significant versus Aβ treatment. B, Effects of sHNG, ADNF, bFGF, or IGF-I on neuronal cell death by FAD genes. F11 cells were transfected with V642I-APP, NL-APP, M146L-PS1, or N141I-PS2 cDNA in the presence or absence of the increasing concentrations of sHNG (0, 10 pm, 100 pm, 1 nm, 10 nm, 100 nm, and 1 μm fromleft to right), ADNF (10 am, 1 fm, 100 fm, 10 pm, 1 nm, and 10 nm from left to right), bFGF (0, 10 pg/ml, 100 pg/ml, 1 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml, and 1 μg/ml from left to right), or IGF-I (10 pm, 100 pm, 1 nm, 10 nm, 100 nm, and 1 μm fromleft to right) for 72 hr, and cell mortality was similarly measured. In each series of experiments, cell mortality without transfection (no T) or with pcDNA transfection (vec) was measured as independent controls. ** indicates significance versus relevant FAD gene transfection.