. 2019 Sep 25;2(9):e1912052. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12052

Table. Descriptive Characteristics of the Participants.

Characteristic	Mean (SD)
Characteristic	Strong (n = 18)	Modestly Weak (n = 29)	Weak (n = 19)
Age, y	72.0 (5.0)	74.9 (7.3)	78.4 (7.1)^a
Women, No. (%)	12 (67)	21 (72)	12 (63)
Isokinetic strength, N-m/kg	1.7 (0.3)	1.2 (0.1)^b	0.8 (0.2)^a^,^c
Height, cm	165.7 (9.8)	164.6 (8.2)	161.7 (12.7)
Weight, kg	65.2 (11.7)	73.3 (15.6)	78.3 (14.3)^a
BMI	23.7 (3.4)	26.9 (4.3)^b	29.9 (4.6)^a
Morbid obesity: BMI ≥35, No. (%)	0	1 (3)	2 (10)
Appendicular lean mass, kg/height, m²	6.6 (1.2)	6.5 (1.1)	6.9 (1.2)
Lean thigh mass, kg	4.7 (1.0)	4.6 (1.1)	4.8 (0.9)
Short Physical Performance Battery score	11.8 (0.5)	11.2 (0.9)^b	10.2 (1.2)^a
6-Minute walk gait speed, m/s	1.6 (0.2)	1.4 (0.2)^b	1.1 (0.3)^a^,^c
Moderate activity, min/wk	132.4 (41.7)	104.7 (56.0)	88.1 (52.2)^a
Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status score	107 (10.5)	109.8 (12.6)	101.9 (11.2)
Charlson Comorbidity Index score	3.8 (0.8)	4.0 (1.2)	4.3 (0.7)
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression score	6.4 (3.8)	6.6 (5.9)	8.0 (7.4)
Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome score	89.3 (12.0)	91.7 (10.7)	80.5 (19.2)^c
Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders scores
Fatigue	28.4 (7.5)	28.0 (9.0)	35.3 (13.5)
Cognitive function	120.0 (12.9)	115.2 (21.2)	118.3 (10.5)
Sleep disturbance	14.8 (3.9)	13.1 (3.9)	15.4 (5.0)
Lower extremity function	92.1 (3.4)	89.3 (7.5)	79.9 (14.6)^a^,^c
Upper extremity function	99.2 (1.2)	98.0 (2.2)	93.3 (13.6)^a
Satisfaction with social roles and activities	37.1 (4.6)	37.3 (4.2)	35.2 (5.9)

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).

^{^a}

Weak significantly different from strong (P ≤ .05).

^{^b}

Modestly weak significantly different from strong (P ≤ .05).

^{^c}

Weak significantly different from modestly weak (P ≤ .05).