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. 2019 Sep 20;10:1039. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01039

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Copyright © 2019 Zhang, Jiang, Ma, Li, Liu, Li, Wu and Wang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hypoxia activates the Sonic Hedgehog (SHh) pathway and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and chemosensitivity in Hep3B cells. (A) The expression of SHh pathway and key EMT-associated proteins were examined by western blotting. (B, C) Hep3B cell migration under normoxic and hypoxic conditions was analyzed over 24 h using a wound healing assay (scale bar, 50 µm). (D, E) Hep3B cell invasion was examined by transwell assay (scale bar, 50 µm). (F, G) Cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. Data are shown as means ± SD (n = 3); *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 when compared with the control (Student’s t test).