Table 1.
Correlates of syphilis positivity among pregnant women screened at 40 antenatal clinics in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 2011.
| Variable | Total | Positive (%) | OR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Populationa | 17,669 | 739 (4.2) | ||
| Age group | ||||
| 15–29 | 12,609 | 463 (3.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 30–49 | 5060 | 276 (5.5) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) |
| Age at first pregnancy | ||||
| ≤19 years | 12,201 | 566 (4.6) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) |
| ≥20 years | 5435 | 173 (3.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Age at first sexual encountera | ||||
| ≤15 | 7559 | 399 (5.3) | 1.6 (1.4–1.9) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| ≥16 | 9984 | 334 (3.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Age group of first sexual partner | ||||
| ≤15–19 | 4816 | 262 (5.4) | 1.5 (1.3–1.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| ≥20 | 12,220 | 446 (3.7) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Age group of current partner | ||||
| ≤15–29 | 6560 | 223 (3.4) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 1.0 |
| ≥30 | 10,834 | 506 (4.7) | 1.0 | 1.4 (1.1–1.8) |
| Lifetime pregnancies | ||||
| One | 4144 | 118 (2.8) | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) |
| Two or more | 13,524 | 621 (4.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Trimester at testing | ||||
| First | 1379 | 62 (4.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | |
| Second | 7612 | 311 (4.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | |
| Third | 8676 | 366 (4.2) | 1.0 | |
| HIV test result | ||||
| Positive | 627 | 29 (4.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | |
| Negative | 17,042 | 710 (4.2) | 1.0 | |
| Education | ||||
| None | 1274 | 75 (5.9) | 3.8 (1.5–9.6) | 2.6 (1.0–6.7) |
| Some primary | 4572 | 248 (5.4) | 3.5 (1.4–8.6) | 1.9 (0.8–4.9) |
| Complete primary | 1313 | 58 (4.4) | 2.8 (1.1–7.1) | 1.9 (0.7–4.9) |
| Some secondary | 7913 | 297 (3.8) | 2.4 (1.0–5.8) | 1.9 (0.8–4.7) |
| Complete secondary | 2052 | 51 (2.5) | 1.6 (0.6–3.9) | 1.6 (0.6–4.1) |
| Some university | 312 | 5 (1.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Complete university | 233 | 5 (2.1) | 1.3 (0.4–4.7) | 1.3 (0.4–4.7) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 915 | 26 (2.8) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Married (mono) | 11,322 | 452 (4.0) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) |
| Married (poly) | 2066 | 109 (5.3) | 1.9 (1.2–2.9) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) |
| Non-married couple | 3147 | 145 (4.6) | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) |
| Separated | 149 | 4 (2.7) | 0.9 (0.3–2.7) | 0.6 (0.2–1.9) |
| Divorced | 21 | 1 (4.8) | 1.7 (0.2–13.2) | 1.3 (0.2–10.2) |
| Widow | 45 | 2 (4.4) | 1.6 (0.4–6.9) | 0.9 (0.2–3.8) |
| Clinic location | ||||
| Urban | 7102 | 215 (3.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Rural | 10,567 | 524 (5.0) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 1.6 (1.3–1.9) |
| Clinic Setting | ||||
| Health center | 2659 | 83 (3.1) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 1.3 (0.9–1.5) |
| General hospital | 15,010 | 656 (4.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Province name | ||||
| BasCongo | 1327 | 16 (1.2) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) |
| Bandundu | 2703 | 54 (2.0) | 0.4 (0.3–0.6) | 0.3 (0.1–0.4) |
| Equateur | 2162 | 165 (7.6) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) |
| Kasai | 1309 | 51 (3.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) |
| Katanga | 2119 | 94 (4.4) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Kinshasa | 1840 | 41 (2.2) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) | 0.5 (0.3–0.7) |
| Maniema | 859 | 26 (3.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) |
| North Kivu | 909 | 42 (4.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) |
| Occidental | 863 | 31 (3.6) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) |
| Orientale | 2658 | 205 (7.7) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) |
| South Kivu | 920 | 14 (1.5) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) |
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
a
Age of first pregnancy (N = 17,636), age of first sex (N = 17,543), age of current partner (N = 17,394), marital status (N = 17,665).