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. 2019 Jul 30;8(5):741–753. doi: 10.1039/c9tx00138g

Table 1. Kidney levels of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity of male rats treated orally with nanoparticles of chitosan, curcumin, and hydroxyapatite alone or in combination.

Experimental groups	Parameter
Experimental groups	GPx (mU mg^–1 protein)	GST (mU mg^–1 protein)	CAT (mU mg^–1 protein)	SOD (mU mg^–1 protein)	TAC (mU mg^–1 protein)
Control	43.7 ± 1.95^b	39.6 ± 2.59^a	38.0 ± 1.84^b	50.2 ± 2.86^ab	4.22 ± 0.20^c
CsNPs	47.5 ± 1.43^b	38.5 ± 1.69^a	38.0 ± 1.99^b	47.9 ± 2.12^bc	4.8 ± 0.14^ab
CurNPs	51.4 ± 1.03^a	38.2 ± 1.19^a	36.6 ± 1.47^b	47 ± 2.20^bc	4.3 ± 0.14^bc
(Cs + Cur) NPs	54.4 ± 2.07^a	41.0 ± 1.19^a	43.2 ± 1.45^a	52.4 ± 1.79^a	5.0 ± 0.28^a
HAP-NPs	19.9 ± 0.77^f	13.5 ± 1.02^d	12.6 ± 0.33^d	25.8 ± 0.80^e	2.1 ± 0.12^f
(HAP + Cs) NPs	26.2 ± 0.86^e	23.2 ± 0.54^c	25.9 ± 1.10^c	30 ± 1.99^ed	2.9 ± 0.19^ed
(HAP + Cur) NPs	30.3 ± 0.92^d	27.3 ± 0.48^b	27.8 ± 1.29^c	33.0 ± 1.08^d	2.6 ± 0.21^ef
(HAP + Cs + Cur) NPs	36.2 ± 0.70^c	29.6 ± 1.58^b	29.3 ± 0.66^c	42.8 ± 1.07^c	3.4 ± 0.19^d