Table 3. Renal tissue content of 8-OH-2-deoxyguanosine of male rats treated orally with nanoparticles of chitosan, curcumin, and hydroxyapatite alone or in combination.

Experimental groups	8-OHdG (pg μg–1 DNA)
Control	4.97 ± 1.5c
CsNPs	4.30 ± 0.9c
CurNPs	4.70 ± 1.3c
(Cs + Cur) NPs	4.30 ± 0.79c
HAP-NPs	13.13 ± 1.21a
(HAP + Cs) NPs	5.63 ± 0.99c
(HAP + Cur) NPs	8.47 ± 0.70b
(HAP + Cs + Cur) NPs	5.40 ± 0.92c