Table 2.

Association of concurrent and lagged pain and negative affect (NA), modeled separately, and dichotomous opioid use and opioid dosage in milligram morphine equivalents.

	IV: Physical pain				IV: Negative affect
	DV: Dichotomous use		DV: Dosage		DV: Dichotomous use		DV: Dosage
Predictors	OR	95% CI	Est.	95% CI	OR	95% CI	Est.	95% CI
Intercept	0.03	[0.01, 0.16]***	1.92	[−0.16, 4.00]	0.04	[0.01, 0.16]***	1.97	[−0.09, 4.04]
Lagged occasion pain	0.67	[0.59, 0.77]***	−0.32	[−0.54, −0.10]**
Concurrent occasion pain	2.66	[2.26, 3.13]***	1.38	[1.15, 1.62]***
Day pain	1.35	[1.10, 1.65]**	0.21	[−0.12, 0.55]
Person pain	1.35	[0.86, 2.11]	0.05	[−0.49, 0.59]
Lagged occasion NA					0.54	[0.38, 0.76]***	−0.35	[−0.98, 0.28]
Concurrent occasion NA					2.63	[1.88, 3.69]***	1.69	[1.09, 2.28]***
Day NA					0.82	[0.53, 1.26]	0.23	[−0.63, 1.09]
Person NA					0.58	[0.24, 1.43]	−0.21	[−1.41, 0.99]
Covariates
Time since last opioid (hr.)	0.19	[0.15, 0.23]***	−0.95	[−1.09, −0.81]***	0.17	[0.14, 0.21]***	−1.04	[−1.18, −0.89]***
Opioid cycle	2.69	[1.84, 3.94]***	1.51	[1.09, 1.93]***	2.40	[1.69, 3.40]***	1.60	[1.17, 2.03]***
Long-acting opioida			43.90	[41.87, 45.93]***			44.14	[42.06, 46.21]***
Study day	0.98	[0.94, 1.02]	0.08	[0.004, 0.15]*	0.99	[0.95, 1.03]	0.07	[0.001, 0.15]*
Weekday (Saturday ref.)
Sunday	1.32	[0.72, 2.43]	0.01	[−1.05, 1.08]	1.33	[0.77, 2.3]	−0.13	[−1.22, 0.96]
Monday	1.04	[0.58, 1.87]	0.16	[−0.90, 1.23]	1.01	[0.6, 1.72]	0.10	[−0.99, 1.19]
Tuesday	1.34	[0.74, 2.41]	0.29	[−0.80, 1.37]	1.37	[0.80, 2.35]	0.25	[−0.86, 1.36]
Wednesday	1.54	[0.85, 2.8]	−0.10	[−1.16, 0.96]	1.37	[0.79, 2.37]	−0.09	[−1.18, 0.99]
Thursday	0.74	[0.40, 1.36]	0.12	[−0.93, 1.16]	0.78	[0.45, 1.35]	0.12	[−0.95, 1.19]
Friday	1.34	[0.75, 2.41]	0.42	[−0.66, 1.49]	1.18	[0.70, 2.00]	0.28	[−0.82, 1.38]
Hour after wakeup	1.00	[0.93, 1.06]	−0.03	[−0.12, 0.06]	1.01	[0.95, 1.08]	−0.03	[−0.12, 0.07]
Age	1.04	[0.95, 1.13]	0.04	[−0.07, 0.15]	0.99	[0.92, 1.07]	0.03	[−0.07, 0.13]
Gender (male ref.)	1.12	[0.23, 5.54]	−0.13	[−2.12, 1.87]	1.29	[0.29, 5.65]	−0.12	[−2.11, 1.86]

Note. N = 34 individuals, 2,285 observations. OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.

^aWhether opioids used were long-acting was not included as a covariate in dichotomous use models, due to collinearity. Degrees of freedom were calculated using the Kenward-Roger approximation.

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001.