Table 3.

Association of the interaction of concurrent and lagged pain and negative affect (NA) and dichotomous opioid use and opioid dosage in milligram morphine equivalents.

	DV: Dichotomous use		DV: Dosage
	OR	95% CI	Est.	95% CI
Predictors
Intercept	0.02	[0.01, 0.12]***	1.58	[−0.52, 3.68]
Lagged occasion pain	0.70	[0.61, 0.8]***	−0.31	[−0.55, −0.07]*
Concurrent occasion pain	2.70	[2.26, 3.23]***	1.30	[1.04, 1.56]***
Day pain	1.58	[1.24, 2.01]***	0.29	[−0.10, 0.68]
Person pain	1.69	[1.04, 2.74]*	0.16	[−0.46, 0.77]
Lagged occasion NA	0.75	[0.5, 1.13]	−0.18	[−0.86, 0.50]
Concurrent occasion NA	0.85	[0.55, 1.31]	0.04	[−0.62, 0.70]
Day NA	0.55	[0.31, 0.96]*	−0.34	[−1.31, 0.63]
Person NA	0.36	[0.12, 1.02]	−0.45	[−1.83, 0.93]
Lagged occasion pain x NA	0.81	[0.62, 1.04]	−0.05	[−0.40, 0.31]
Concurrent occasion pain x NA	1.14	[0.93, 1.40]	0.72	[0.37, 1.07]***
Covariates
Time since last opioid (hr.)	0.19	[0.15, 0.23]***	−0.95	[−1.09, −0.81]***
Opioid cycle	2.67	[1.82, 3.91]***	1.53	[1.11, 1.95]***
Long-acting opioid			43.61	[41.58, 45.65]***
Study day	0.99	[0.95, 1.03]	0.09	[0.01, 0.16]*
Weekday (Saturday ref.)
Sunday	1.43	[0.77, 2.64]	0.07	[−1.00, 1.13]
Monday	1.08	[0.60, 1.96]	0.27	[−0.80, 1.34]
Tuesday	1.45	[0.80, 2.63]	0.32	[−0.77, 1.40]
Wednesday	1.64	[0.89, 3]	0.01	[−1.05, 1.07]
Thursday	0.76	[0.41, 1.4]	0.21	[−0.83, 1.26]
Friday	1.32	[0.73, 2.38]	0.46	[−0.61, 1.54]
Hour after wakeup	1.00	[0.94, 1.07]	−0.03	[−0.13, 0.06]
Age	1.03	[0.95, 1.12]	0.04	[−0.08, 0.15]
Gender (male ref.)	1.37	[0.29, 6.49]	−0.02	[−2.03, 2.00]

Note. N = 34 individuals, 2,285 observations. OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval.

^aWhether opioids used were long-acting was not included as a covariate in the dichotomous use model, due to collinearity. Degrees of freedom were calculated using the Kenward-Roger approximation.

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001