Table 4.
Association of concurrent and lagged dichotomous opioid use and opioid dosage with physical pain and negative affect over time.
| DV: Physical pain | DV: Negative affect | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IV: Dichotomous use | IV: Dosage | IV: Dichotomous use | IV: Dosage | |||||
| Predictors | Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI | Est. | 95% CI |
| Intercept | 6.13 | [4.77, 7.49]*** | 6.47 | [5.09, 7.84]*** | 1.73 | [1.12, 2.34]*** | 1.69 | [1.09, 2.30]*** |
| Lagged occasion opioid use | −0.08 | [−0.22, 0.05] | −0.03 | [−0.08, 0.03] | ||||
| Concurrent occasion opioid use | 1.36 | [1.18, 1.55]*** | 0.24 | [0.16, 0.32]*** | ||||
| Day opioid use | 1.33 | [0.56, 2.11]*** | −0.06 | [−0.37, 0.24] | ||||
| Person opioid use | 3.73 | [0.08, 7.38]* | −0.32 | [−1.97, 1.33] | ||||
| Lagged occasion dosage | −0.01 | [−0.01, −0.01]*** | −0.004 | [−0.01, −0.003]*** | ||||
| Concurrent occasion dosage | 0.04 | [0.03, 0.05]*** | 0.01 | [0.004, 0.01]*** | ||||
| Day opioid use dosage | 0.05 | [0.03, 0.07]*** | 0.00 | [−0.01, 0.01] | ||||
| Person dosage | 0.06 | [−0.01, 0.12] | 0.01 | [−0.02, 0.04] | ||||
| Covariates | ||||||||
| Time since last opioid (hr.) | 0.03 | [−0.004, 0.07] | −0.04 | [−0.08, −0.01]** | 0.03 | [0.02, 0.05]*** | 0.02 | [0.002, 0.03]* |
| Opioid cycle | −0.03 | [−0.14, 0.09] | 0.07 | [−0.04, 0.18] | 0.004 | [−0.04, 0.05] | 0.01 | [−0.04, 0.05] |
| Long-acting opioid | −0.67 | [−1.06, −0.27]*** | −1.79 | [−2.32, −1.26]*** | −0.11 | [−0.28, 0.06] | −0.34 | [−0.56, −0.12]** |
| Study day | −0.001 | [−0.02, 0.02] | −0.004 | [−0.03, 0.02] | 0.01 | [−0.001, 0.02] | 0.01 | [−0.002, 0.02] |
| Weekday (Saturday ref.) | ||||||||
| Sunday | −0.43 | [−0.76, −0.09]* | −0.39 | [−0.74, −0.05* | −0.14 | [−0.28, −0.01]* | −0.14 | [−0.28, −0.01]* |
| Monday | −0.21 | [−0.54, 0.13] | −0.20 | [−0.54, 0.14] | 0.01 | [−0.12, 0.15] | 0.02 | [−0.12, 0.15] |
| Tuesday | −0.12 | [−0.46, 0.22] | −0.15 | [−0.50, 0.19] | 0.07 | [−0.07, 0.2] | 0.06 | [−0.07, 0.20] |
| Wednesday | 0.01 | [−0.32, 0.35] | 0.02 | [−0.32, 0.36] | 0.06 | [−0.07, 0.19] | 0.05 | [−0.08, 0.18] |
| Thursday | 0.14 | [−0.20, 0.47] | 0.11 | [−0.23, 0.45] | 0.08 | [−0.05, 0.21] | 0.07 | [−0.06, 0.20] |
| Friday | −0.10 | [−0.44, 0.23] | −0.11 | [−0.45, 0.23] | 0.08 | [−0.05, 0.21] | 0.07 | [−0.06, 0.21] |
| Hour after wakeup | 0.005 | [−0.02, 0.03] | 0.00 | [−0.02, 0.02] | 0.01 | [−0.002, 0.02] | 0.01 | [−0.001, 0.02] |
| Age | −0.10 | [−0.17, −0.03]** | −0.11 | [−0.18, −0.03]** | −0.02 | [−0.05, 0.01] | −0.02 | [−0.06, 0.01] |
| Gender (male ref.) | 0.14 | [−1.24, 1.51] | 0.19 | [−1.29, 1.67] | 0.17 | [−0.45, 0.79] | 0.20 | [−0.45, 0.85] |
Note. N = 34 individuals, 2,285 observations. CI = confidence interval. Degrees of freedom calculated using the Kenward-Roger approximation.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001